The Informal Working Group on Electromagnetic Compatibility is established to review electromagnetic compatibility requirements and develop a proposal for a new series of amendments to UN R10. The group’s objectives include ensuring electromagnetic compatibility, defining essential requirements in performance and technology-neutral terms, limiting measurement workload, updating references to standards and vehicle categories, adapting to technical progress, including provisions for automated driving systems, and reducing ambiguity and administrative burden. The IWG will draft a proposal for the 08 series of amendments, with an informal document targeted for GRE’s 97th session in October 2027 and a formal document for the 98th session in April 2028.

Proposal to renumber and amend para. 13.3. and related subparagraphs to revise transitional provisions. Contracting Parties shall not refuse type approvals under the 07 series from its official entry into force. From 1 September 2029, Contracting Parties need not accept type approvals from preceding series first issued after that date. Contracting Parties shall continue to accept approvals from the 06 series for vehicles not equipped with an Automated Driving System (ADS) or for vehicle systems, equipment and parts not part of an ADS which are not affected by changes introduced by the 07 series, and shall continue to accept approvals from the 06 series first issued before 1 September 2029 and extensions thereof.

Status report on the Informal Working Group on Electromagnetic Compatibility covering recent meetings held in May, July and September 2026. The report addresses current work on the 07 and 08 series of amendments to UN R10, including a new supplement by OICA to clarify transitional provisions regarding Automated Driving Systems, and discussion of various technical proposals for the 08 series covering AC DC chargers for REESS, radiated requirements, electromagnetic immunity evaluation methods, testing conditions, and harmonics observation. Upcoming sessions are scheduled for December 2026, January 2027 and March 2027.

Status report on the EV Fast & Smart Charging cluster’s progress on two main activities: developing the Fast Charge Power Curve (FCPC), a resolution for a test procedure and KPIs, with eight open points requiring validation and verification; and developing a global roadmap on smart and bidirectional charging, which is finalised and to be published as a UN publication in Q1 2027. The cluster’s mandate has been extended for one year to October 2027 to continue validations, resolve open points, and investigate future work including review clauses and a fast charging performance test for heavy-duty vehicles.

Minutes of the twelfth meeting of the IWG on EV/HFCV Retrofit Systems held 28 September 2026. The group adopted the provisional agenda and reviewed the work program, aiming to provide GRPE with a first draft of a future UN Regulation by 14–16 October 2026. The group focused on revising definitions in the draft UN Regulation, particularly EPRS definition, EPRS type, vehicle family, and installer provisions. Key unresolved issues include which components must remain identical within an approved type, alternative ways of grouping vehicles within a family, whether installer requirements should be included in the UN Regulation, and the scope regarding vehicles subject to UN Regulations Nos. 155 and 156.

Document presents technical challenges to defining retrofit kit types for electric conversion and approval processes. Identifies that retrofit kit type perimeter depends on the regulation considered, with different requirements across UN R10, R13, R100, R85, R138, WLTP, R79, R39, R51, R89, R121, and R122. Presents testing challenges at vehicle, component, and EPRS levels, noting that testing a kit type not installed on a vehicle is impossible to account for all impacts on the vehicle.

Status report of the Task Force on Substitutes/Retrofits covering LED replacement light sources. The task force recommends deferring submission of high beam category sheets to WP29 pending completion of the front fog cluster PDCA cycle. Two guidance documents will be developed over the next six months to clarify UN R37 requirements for LED replacements and their relationship to IEC 60061. Market surveillance improvements are being pursued through coordination with authorities and PTI organisations.

The session reviewed and adopted the draft agenda and prior meeting minutes. Substantive discussions addressed proposals including harmonics observation time for vehicles and energy storage assemblies (EMC-54-02), conducting automated driving system active tests (EMC-54-03), quality guidance for technical service test reports (EMC-54-04), amending UN R10 based on related regulations (EMC-54-05-Rev.1), minimum dwell time guidance (EMC-54-06), non-durable protection shields clarification (EMC-54-07), and transient immunity (EMC-54-10-Rev.1). The group concluded that further investigation and revised proposals are needed for several items by the December 2026 session. Next meeting: 2–3 December 2026 online.

International reference standards for harmonics and flicker testing define differing applicable supply voltage levels and operating frequencies. CLEPA proposes maintaining baseline requirements for UN R10.08 unchanged, testing according to standardized parameters of reference IEC standards. Contracting Parties with diverging local grid configurations should define tailored national requirements or propose harmonized evaluation methods directly within relevant IEC standard committees, as direct application or mathematical conversion of limits for diverging grids lacks standardized metrological foundation in IEC publications.

Document raises question on the use of a combination of Level I/II immunity tests based on ISO 7637-2:2011 in the 07 series given that the 06 series prescribed Level III.

Proposal to insert a new definition of functional test configuration, amend para. 2.1.1.2. to clarify that test conditions are agreed between manufacturer and technical service and that tables provide guidance which may be extended or amended depending on vehicle characteristics, add tables specifying basic vehicle test conditions for “50 km/h mode,” “Brake mode,” and “Active ADS Mode,” add an alternative “Brake mode” with active ADS for vehicles where braking mode cannot be applied with ADS operational without ADS feature(s) activated, add AECS and AVAS test condition tables, and insert a new table cross-referencing UN Regulations with specific provisions and test configurations to demonstrate compliance with UN R10.

Proposal to require test reports provided by manufacturers to comply with paragraph 3.3. and to be attached to the test report of the technical service.

Proposal for conducting the ADS Active Test Specified in Annex 6 to clarify ADS Active Mode, clarify methods to activate ADS using test equipment or by modifying in-vehicle ADS-related ECU software, clarify test objects for ESA at component-level or system-level, and clarify test methods when ADS cannot be activated in an anechoic chamber, including testing in a non-active state using warning indicators and diagnostic functions, and testing when errors occur upon ADS activation. The proposal defines ADS Active Mode as representative ADS functions remaining operational using sensors whose inputs can be simulated within the anechoic chamber environment, with alternative test methods including application based on ESA or subsystem test results, testing with ADS not activated using steady-state driving conditions with pass/fail criteria verifying no communication errors, ECU malfunction, freeze, shutdown, or ADS system malfunctions occur, and testing with simulated sensor outputs using data from real-world driving or representative driving scenarios.

Proposal to amend Annexes 11 and 17 to specify an observation time of 2.5 min for quasi-stationary equipment as defined in Table 4 of IEC 61000-3-2, with the equipment operating in the mode expected to produce the maximum total harmonic current under normal operating conditions. Currently, UN R10.07 does not specify an observation time, which may lead to different interpretations of the test method and case-by-case agreement during type approval. Specifying 2.5 min would provide a consistent observation and averaging period for vehicle and ESA type-approval tests without changing existing test conditions, limits, or evaluation method.

Presentation of a method of testing for immunity of vehicles of category M₁ to electromagnetic radiation for Blind Spot Detection (BSD)/Blind Spot Information System (BSIS) as defined in the latest series of amendments to UN R151. EMC immunity test criteria for BSD are added.

During IWG-EMC 53rd meeting, Dutch delegation referenced the 2018 Stint accident in proposals to extend UN R10 radiated emissions below 30 MHz and immunity below 20 MHz requirements. Official forensic investigation reports by TNO and Dutch Safety Board ruled out electromagnetic compatibility as a causal factor. The Stint’s drive system was fully immune under UN R10 Annex 6 at 40 V/m. Level-crossing infrastructure fully complied with EN 50121 railway EMC standards. True root causes were mechanical, electrical, and homologation failures including braking deficiencies, electrical throttle flaw, and vehicle instability. OICA recommends rejecting any expansion of UN R10 scope based on this incident.

The agenda includes a roadmap for the 08 series of amendments with proposals from contracting parties and non-governmental organisations, discussion of numerous technical documents covering harmonics, flicker requirements, charging conditions, immunity testing, radiated emissions, and blind spot detection systems. Referenced documents include EMC-52-05, EMC-53-05, EMC-53-10, EMC-53-11/Rev.1 from previous sessions. Subsequent meetings are scheduled online from December 2026 through July 2027, with a face-to-face meeting proposed in November 2027.

Proposal to insert new para. 3.3. requiring that the use of non-durable protection shields (e.g., non-integral ferrite blocks, aluminium foil) shall be prevented, and if used, shall be duly described in the information document and test report.

Proposal to amend Table 2 in Annex 4, paragraph 4.3. to add “Scanning receiver parameters” as heading and add footnote b to minimum dwell time columns stating the selected dwell time shall, in addition, consider the cycle time of certain vehicle functions, e.g. the wiper system, amend Table 2 in Annex 5, paragraph 4.3. to add “Scanning receiver parameters” as heading and add footnote a with identical language, and amend Annex 6, paragraph 4.1. to add language that the selected dwell time shall, in addition, be sufficient for the observer(s) to assess all related vehicle functions, while also considering the cycle time of certain vehicle functions, e.g., the wiper system.

Annotated provisional agenda for GRE’s ninety-fifth session (20-23 October 2026). The session will address development of UN Global Technical Regulations and Rules; simplification of lighting and light-signalling UN Regulations; amendments to UN Regulations Nos. 48, 53, 74, 86, 148, 149, 150, 10 and 65; activities of informal working groups and task forces on simplification, light sources, electromagnetic compatibility, glare prevention, and autonomous vehicle signalling; International Whole Vehicle Type Approval and electronic database developments; and election of officers for 2027.

Proposal to renumber and amend para. 13.3. and related subparagraphs to correct the transitional provisions of the 07 series of amendments. The existing para. 13.3.4. is renumbered to 13.3.3., the original para. 13.3.3. is renumbered to 13.3.4., and para. 13.3.4. is amended to explicitly reference vehicles and parts not equipped with or not part of an Automated Driving System (ADS). Contracting Parties shall continue to accept type approvals issued according to the 06 series of amendments for vehicles not equipped with an ADS or for vehicle systems, equipment and parts not part of an ADS which are not affected by the changes introduced by the 07 series of amendments, and for approvals first issued before 1 September 2029.

Session report of WP.29 (World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations), its Administrative Committee of the 1958 Agreement (AC.1), Executive Committee of the 1998 Agreement (AC.3), and Administrative Committee of the 1997 Agreement (AC.4) held 23-26 June 2026 in Geneva. AC.1 voted on 92 amendments to existing UN Regulations, one corrigendum to UN Regulation No. 79, and three new UN Regulations (Nos. 184-186) on liquid hydrogen vehicle safety, automated driving systems, and tyre abrasion performance. AC.3 established UN GTR on automated driving systems and adopted corrigendum to UN GTR No. 9 and Amendment 2 to UN GTR No. 13. WP.29 extended mandates of several informal working groups and noted accession of Mongolia and Armenia to the 1958 and 1997 Agreements respectively.

The 53rd session of the Electromagnetic Compatibility IWG was held 1–2 July 2026 in Paris. The agenda addressed proposals for UN R10.08 and related standards, including standardized testing conditions for harmonics and flicker, radiated emission requirements at 1–6 GHz, blind spot detection immunity testing, and steer-by-wire failure criteria. Key decisions included establishing a small drafting group to develop 1–6 GHz requirements if CISPR D produces no usable results by end of 2026, postponing discussion of AC/DC charger proposals, tasking CLEPA and OICA to prepare a joint proposal on harmonics and flicker, and organizing a consolidated version of UN R10.07 with Supplements 1–3 for December 2026. Future sessions are scheduled through September 2027, with a face-to-face meeting proposed for November 2027 in Tokyo. Documents EMC-53-05, EMC-53-08, EMC-53-10, and EMC-53-11/Rev.1 were introduced during the session.

Proposal to add para. 6.2.1.3 defining method of measurement in the frequency range 1 GHz to 6 GHz, add para. 6.2.2.5 establishing limits of disturbance with peak detector at vehicle-to-antenna spacings of 3.0 ± 0.05 m and 10.0 ± 0.2 m, add para. 6.3.2.5 establishing limits of disturbance with average detector at vehicle-to-antenna spacings of 3.0 ± 0.05 m and 10.0 ± 0.2 m, rename para. 6.5.2 to specify frequency range 30 MHz to 1000 MHz, add para. 6.5.3 establishing ESA broadband type approval limits in the frequency range 1 GHz to 6 GHz with measurement frequency requirements based on highest internal frequency, add para. 7.3 establishing specifications concerning narrowband electromagnetic radiation from vehicles with method of measurement and type approval limits, rename para. 7.10.2 to specify frequency range 30 MHz to 1000 MHz, add para. 7.10.3 establishing ESA broadband type approval limits in the frequency range 1 GHz to 6 GHz with measurement frequency requirements, add Annex XY defining method of measurement of radiated broadband and narrowband electromagnetic emissions from vehicles in the frequency range 1 GHz to 6 GHz, add Annex XZ defining method of measurement of radiated broadband electromagnetic emissions from electrical/electronic sub-assemblies with test setup figures, and add Appendices z1 and z2 establishing vehicle reference limits at 10 m and 3 m antenna-vehicle separation respectively.

The Netherlands proposes introducing a separate part 2 addressing immunity-related functionality on lateral movement for steer-by-wire and automated driving systems. Harmonics should be tested when issues are observed; in the cited example, step sizes above and below 745–755 MHz and harmonic frequencies at 1500 MHz and 375 MHz require testing. UN R10 should address specific immunity features across multiple UN Regulations, or references should be moved to individual regulations. Test procedures for complex systems like steer-by-wire and brake-by-wire require improvement, including clearer protocols and discussion of specialized technical units. Dwell time must be sufficient to observe all potential fail criteria in agreement between manufacturer and technical service. Antenna switching during testing at 3m versus 10m positions should be forbidden. EMC shielding must be robust and durable, excluding non-integral ferrite blocks and loose components, with critical details recorded in test reports.

The 7th Edition of IEC CISPR 12 was issued in June 2025, with work commencing on an 8th Edition. Two Special Task Forces are developing updates: one investigating dynamic testing at alternative fixed speeds and acceleration/deceleration modes, and another developing a measurement method for the frequency range 1 GHz to 6 GHz. An 8th Edition CISPR 12 is estimated for issue May–July 2028. For IEC CISPR 36, a Special Task Force concluded that conducted voltage emission measurements are more appropriate than magnetic radiated methods for charging mode testing. A 2nd Edition incorporating conducted voltage charging mode measurements is estimated for issue September–November 2027.

CLEPA proposes standardized testing conditions for harmonics and flicker in UN R10 across countries with differing grid voltages and frequencies. Three cases are presented: Case 1 applies requirements to 220–240 V single-phase or 380–415 V three-phase at 50 or 60 Hz only; Case 2 permits multi-voltage operation but tests only at 220–240 V or 380–415 V; Case 3 applies scaled limits for region-specific operation at different voltages such as 100 V, with IEC 61000-3-3 and IEC 61000-3-11 marked not applicable due to impedance specifications limited to 220–250 V systems.

Proposal regarding methods for evaluating electromagnetic immunity of blind-spot detection systems. The proposal identifies this as a subject for discussion as part of ADAS evaluation methods. The form requests consideration of revisions to evaluation methods, with reference to presentation materials. The proposal’s disposition status remains to be determined by the IWG.

Methods for evaluating electromagnetic immunity of blind-spot detection systems are proposed using a simple reciprocating motion device equipped with a reflector. The electromagnetic immunity test is conducted after the BSD system has been activated. Vehicle’s electromagnetic immunity test methods and conditions are consistent with the previous ones. Reproducibility has been verified across various vehicle models with only minor adjustments required. The proposal seeks opinions from member countries regarding the necessity of electromagnetic immunity evaluation methods for BSD systems.

Proposal to clarify ADS Active Mode and methods to activate ADS using test equipment or by modifying software of in-vehicle ADS-related ECUs, clarify test objects for ESA at component-level or system-level, and clarify test methods when ADS cannot be activated in an anechoic chamber, when testing in a non-active state using warning indicators or diagnostic functions, or when errors occur upon activation of ADS. This is a preliminary proposal intended for presentation at IWG EMC meetings in Autumn 2026.

The agenda and minutes from the 51st session were adopted without comment. The group discussed a status report on Supplement 3 to UN R10.07, updated Terms of Reference, and proposals for the 08 series of amendments, with decision to move submission to 2027/2028 to integrate test modes for automated driving systems. The group reviewed proposals on steer-by-wire systems, CISPR average detector clarification, flicker requirements, and AC/DC charger specifications, concluding that most require further elaboration or revision. The 53rd meeting is scheduled for 1–2 July 2026 in Paris.

The EMC informal group proposes to hold a meeting in Tokyo during the 2nd or 4th week of November 2027, with demonstration venue also in Tokyo. Proposed demonstration content is to be determined for automated driving systems. The meeting contents are subject to change.

OICA proposes that Roadmap Items 2, 2bis, 3, and 4 be withdrawn or deferred until relevant international standardization bodies publish validated methodologies. OICA opposes radiated emissions requirements below 30 MHz in driving and charging modes, radiated emissions in the 16 GHz range, and variable driving conditions assessments, citing lack of technical rationale, absence of published international standards, poor reproducibility for large vehicle categories M₃ and N₃, and inconsistency with WP.29/2024/39 reproducibility standards. New R10.08 work items must demonstrably enhance safety, align with published international standards, and maintain regulatory stability per ECE/TRANS/WP.29/1044/Rev.3 and WP.29-196-07, WP.29-196-26, and ECE/TRANS/WP.29/1182.

The European Commission presents prioritized proposals toward updating UN R10 to address transformative vehicle technologies including electrification, automated systems, steer-by-wire, V2X communication, and software-defined vehicles. Current interpretation does not guarantee safety and environmental protection under real road conditions. Proposals include assessing radiated emissions from four vehicle sides rather than two, testing under normal driving conditions, and establishing agreement on drive cycles and transients. These proposals align with WP.29 guidance, improve safety, ensure reproducibility, and represent adaptation to technological progress, based on follow-up of EMC-46-04 and EMC-49-09.

Proposal to address REESS using offboard AC/DC chargers. Some vehicles with REESS use offboard AC/DC chargers, a configuration not described in UN R10. The proposal adds test configurations for vehicles charging through offboard AC/DC chargers to multiple annexes, including flowcharts defining charging mode configurations and specifications for AMN or DC-charging-AN or AN for offboard AC/DC chargers below 60 Vdc. The proposal is based on IWG-EMC-49-12e.

Proposal to establish items for the 08 series of UN R10: address immunity-related functions required by multiple UN Regulations through discussion of whether to include these features in UN R10 or relocate electromagnetic compatibility provisions to individual UN Regulations; amend test procedures for complex systems including steer-by-wire, brake-by-wire, and ADAS features to establish clear protocols and reduce unlevel playing field items; improve the general approval process through precise vehicle type description and definition of high-level objectives; describe dwell time selection through ISO standard 1154 as minimum; discuss ISO 17025 evaluation principles; discuss antenna position at 3m versus 10m for best-case and worst-case scenarios; and require robust electromagnetic compatibility protection with critical details described in test reports and information documents.

Proposal to add radiated emission testing requirements in the frequency range 1 GHz to 6 GHz. New clause 6.2.2.5 specifies limits for vehicle measurements at 3.0 ± 0.05 m antenna distance using peak and average detectors, with limits of 70/50 dB(V/m) for 1000–3000 MHz and 74/54 dB(V/m) for 3000–6000 MHz. New Annex XY describes test methods using IEC 61000-6-3 Ed.4.0 and CISPR 12 provisions. New clause 6.5.3 establishes ESA broadband type approval limits with higher thresholds. New Annex XZ prescribes ESA measurement methods, including test arrangements for REESS charging mode coupled to the power grid.

The IWG-EMC 52nd meeting is scheduled for 7 May 2026 as a web conference. The agenda includes feedback from the GRE 94th session regarding Supplement 3 to UN R10.07 and discussion of the roadmap for 08 series of amendments with proposals from Contracting Parties and non-governmental organizations. The session will address GRE-94-56-Rev.2 and documents covering topics such as harmonics limits, charging conditions, immunity requirements, and radiated requirements. The next meeting is scheduled for 1–2 July 2026 in Paris.

OICA opposes inclusion of four roadmap items in UN R10.08 amendments based on WP.29 principles for evidence-based rulemaking. Items 2 and 2bis (radiated emissions below 30 MHz) fail reproducibility standards, lack validated test methods for all vehicle categories, and rely on standards not applicable to internal combustion engine vehicles. Item 3 (16 GHz range) violates the requirement for specific standard versions as CISPR 12 lacks finalized methodology. Item 4 (variable driving conditions and 4-side antenna assessment) presents measurement reproducibility concerns. OICA recommends deferral pending publication of validated international standards.

Proposal to:

• Update terms of reference for the Informal Working Group on Electromagnetic Compatibility with the objective to review current electromagnetic compatibility requirements and develop within UN R10 a proposal to ensure electromagnetic compatibility,
• Define essential requirements in performance terms,
• Limit measurement workload,
• Update references to standards and vehicle categories,
• Adapt requirements to technical progress,
• Reconsider limits and frequency ranges,
• Include provisions related to automated driving systems,
• Consider software updates,
• The IWG shall operate under consensus with Germany as Chair and OICA as Secretary,
• Circulate documents five working days in advance,
• Distribute minutes within fifteen working days,
• Present an informal document for consideration at GRE’s 97th session in October 2027 and a formal document for the 98th session in April 2028, with final submission by end of January 2028.

The IWG-EMC 51st session (March 2026) addressed the roadmap for UN R10.08 amendments and proposals. Key discussion items included transitional provisions for UN R10.07, artificial network corrections for Supplement 3, harmonics and flicker requirements, radiated emissions aligned with CISPR standards, and extensive work on automated driving system (ADS) fitness requirements. The group extensively debated ADS test configurations, immunity and emissions testing, laboratory capabilities, and steering system requirements. Multiple proposals—including IWG-EMC-51-04, IWG-EMC-51-06, and IWG-EMC-51-07 on harmonics and flicker—were discussed. The session concluded with plans to submit ADS fitness proposals and artificial network corrections as Supplement 3 of UN R10.07 to GRE, with next meetings scheduled for May and July.

Proposal to amend UN R86 to address Automated Driving Systems:

• Insert new paragraphs 0, 0.1 to 0.1.2 introducing Supplement 3 to address vehicles of categories X and Y and conventional vehicles equipped with an Automated Driving System (ADS)
• Amend paragraph 1.1 footnote 1 to reference ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.8
• Amend paragraph 1.3 subparagraph (a) to include control by an ADS
• Insert new paragraph 2.9.4 defining “Presence of an ADS”
• Amend paragraph 2.12 to expand immunity related functions to include ADS-related functions and functions related to charging mode when coupled to the power grid
• Delete paragraphs 2.26 and 2.27
• Renumber paragraphs 2.28 to 2.33 as 2.26 to 2.31
• Insert new paragraph 2.32 defining “ADS test configuration”
• Renumber paragraph 2.34 as 2.33
• Insert new paragraph 3.1.9 requiring specification of seating position if driver’s seat is not the front seat nearest to opposing traffic
• Insert new paragraph 6.11 and subparagraphs 6.11.1 to 6.11.3 establishing special requirements for ADS-equipped vehicles including alternative test methods and ESA immunity testing
• Amend paragraph 9.3.2 to reference ADS degradation in conformity verification
• Amend Appendix 8 paragraph 2 figures 3, 4, 5 and paragraph 3 figure 6 to correct charging notation from “>” to “<” and adjust time from 60 to 20 seconds
• Add new items 74 and 75 to Annex 2A addressing ADS presence and description
• Insert new paragraph 7 to Annex 3A Appendix and renumber former paragraph 7 as 8
• Amend Annex 4 paragraph 2.1.2 to reference ADS capability to switch equipment
• Amend Annex 5 paragraph 2.3 to reference ADS
• Amend Annex 6 paragraph 2.1.1.2 to establish “50 km/h mode”, “Brake mode” and “Active ADS Mode” test conditions with corresponding failure criteria including ADS operational state requirements
• Amend paragraph 2.1.1.3 to reference ADS
• Amend paragraph 2.1.1.4 to reference ADS features control
• Delete paragraph 2.1.1.5
• Amend paragraph 2.1.2 to permit manufacturer evidence for systems not operating under specified conditions
• Amend paragraph 2.2.1.3 to reference ADS for equipment switched OFF

Proposal to insert new paragraphs 0 through 0.1.2, amend paragraphs 1.1, 1.3, and 2.12, insert new paragraphs 2.9.4 and 2.32, delete paragraphs 2.26 and 2.27, insert new paragraph 3.1.9, insert new paragraph 6.11 with sub-paragraphs, amend paragraph 9.3.2, and amend Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 in Appendix 8, and add items 74 and 75 to Annex 2A, insert paragraph 7 in Annex 3A, and amend Annex 4, Annex 5, Annex 6, and related sections to accommodate ADS vehicles, including categories X and Y.

Proposal to introduce Automated Driving System (ADS) requirements into the Regulation and correct figures in Appendix 8. The proposal inserts new introductory paragraphs addressing vehicles of categories X and Y equipped with an ADS; amends paragraph 1.3 to include ADS control requirements; inserts new paragraph 2.9.4 on ADS presence; extensively revises paragraph 2.12 on immunity related functions to include ADS-related functions; deletes paragraphs 2.26 and 2.27; inserts new paragraph 2.32 defining “ADS test configuration”