This document provides a consolidated list of contributions from the IWG on AI experts to a literature review activity on Artificial Intelligence. References are organized by type and listed alphabetically, including standards such as ISO 21448:2022, ISO 23894, ISO 26262, ISO 22989, ISO 39003:2023, ISO/IEC 42001:2023, ISO/IEC TR 5469, ISO/PAS 8800:2024, ISO/SAE 21434:2021, ISO/TS 5083:2025, SAE J3016, SAE J3298, SAE J3312, and UL4600. Policy papers and research articles address trustworthy AI, autonomous vehicles, and safety.

Proposal to clarify that the Regulation does not apply to vehicles of categories X and Y, add an alternative approval pathway for certain vehicles using UN R152 requirements, allow continued extension of approvals for 12 months, amend paragraph 10 of Annex 1, and revise Annex 2 (approval mark arrangements).

The UN IWG on Cyber Security and OTA will meet April 21-22, 2026 via video conference. The agenda includes adoption of the provisional agenda and minutes from the previous session, proposals for amendments to UN R155 and its interpretation document regarding multistage vehicles and type approval authorities, review of cyber and software requirements in the ADS Regulation, discussion of RXSWIN application, renewal of the IWG mandate expiring November 2026, and confirmation of next steps.

Proposal to insert a new paragraph at the end of the introduction, amend paragraph 1 to clarify that the Regulation does not apply to vehicles of Categories X and Y, amend footnotes 1, 2, and 3 to reference document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.8, and insert new paragraph 5.6. with provisions that the LDWS function shall be deactivated upon activation of an ADS feature and automatically reinstated upon deactivation of an ADS feature.

Proposal to amend paragraph 1.1.1. to insert a new footnote 7 defining replacement brake lining assemblies; amend footnote 4 referencing the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles; and amend Annexes 3, 4, 7, 11, and 14 to establish special provisions for vehicles equipped with an Automated Driving System, including dedicated activation methods for braking tests, demonstration requirements for test activation method accuracy, recording of braking demand in test reports, and speed limitations at 90 per cent of v_max for vehicles of categories X and Y.

Proposal to amend paragraph 4.4.3. to add a letter “X” preceding the approval number when ACSF of Category A, B1 or C are exempted from technical requirements or when the steering system exhibits ACSF of Category B2, D or E functionality, to require vehicles equipped with ACSF of Category A to fulfil requirements unless equipped with a DCAS complying with UN Regulation No. 171, and to require deactivation of RCP systems based on driver position detection through a simple and obvious action.

Proposal to introduce references to ADS acceleration demands, establish speed limitation requirements for vehicles of Categories X and Y, require ASLF and ASLD deactivation upon ADS feature activation, and specify testing procedures including dedicated activation methods for vehicles without manual driving controls.

Proposal to amend paragraph 4.4.3. to add letter “X” preceding the approval number when ACSF of Category A, B1 or C have been exempted from technical requirements or when the steering system exhibits functionality defined as ACSF of Category B2, D or E; amend paragraph 5.6.1. to add provisions for vehicles equipped with ACSF of Category A unless equipped with a DCAS complying with UN R171; and amend paragraph 5.6.1.2.9. regarding deactivation of RCP systems based on detection of driver position and movement through a simple and obvious action.

Proposal to amend paragraph 5.6.1.2.9. of UN R79 to require that for RCP systems based on detection of driver position and movement, the deactivation referred to in paragraph 5.6.1.1.3. shall be through a simple and obvious action that will be recognised by the system.

Proposal to amend paragraph 5.2.1.31. to specify that when a vehicle is equipped with the means to indicate emergency braking, activation and deactivation of the emergency braking signal shall only be generated by the application of the service braking system regardless of its means of activation when the specified conditions are fulfilled.

Proposal to amend paragraph 5.2.1.31. regarding activation and de-activation of the emergency braking signal. When a vehicle is equipped with the means to indicate emergency braking, activation and de-activation of the emergency braking signal shall only be generated by the application of the service braking system regardless of its means of activation when the specified conditions are fulfilled.

Proposal to modify paragraph 5.2.1.31 to clarify that when a vehicle is equipped with means to indicate emergency braking, activation and deactivation of the emergency braking signal shall only be generated by application of the service braking system regardless of its means of activation under the specified conditions.

Proposal to clarify exemptions for folding seats, delete a condition on neutral transmission position for first-level warnings, harmonize the “vehicle master control switch” definition with UN R159, ensure drivers receive initial warnings when entering vehicles with remotely activated switches, ensure clear voice communication during emergency calls, and enable application of UN R174 to vehicles of category X, including requirements for safety-belt reminders in first-row seats of category X vehicles and permission for ADS management of safety-belt reminders if equivalent safety is provided.

Proposal to enable application to vehicles of category X. For vehicles of category X, the R point of the most forward passenger seat shall be taken instead of the R-point of the driver’s seat. A seating position with steering control placed in front may be designated as suitable for Child Restraint System installation if requirements for a passenger seating position are fulfilled. The Regulation does not apply to vehicles of category Y.

Proposal to enable application to vehicles of category X. In the absence of a driver or manual driving controls, provisions related to them shall not be taken into account if not already covered by this amendment. Vehicles of category Y are not in the scope of this Regulation. In manual driving mode, no special provisions or exemptions apply to vehicles equipped with an Automated Driving System other than vehicles of category X.

Proposal to enable application to vehicles of category X (vehicles of category Y are excluded from the scope). For vehicles of category X, the R point of the most forward passenger seat shall be taken instead of the R-point of the driver’s seat. The proposal amends the provision on “anti-rotation device” to read, “An anti-rotation device for an ISOFIX semi-universal child restraint system consists of either a top tether, the vehicle dashboard, a support leg or any other means intended to limit the rotation of the restraint during a frontal impact”.

Proposal to enable application to vehicles of category X. Amendments specify dummy placement and positioning requirements for vehicles of category X, including provisions for both right and left hand traffic configurations. Vehicles of category Y are excluded from the scope.

Proposal to enable application to vehicles of category X with a gross vehicle mass of up to 3,500 kg. The most forward passenger seat R-point shall be taken instead of the driver’s seat R-point for vehicles of category X. Amendments clarify provisions related to sensors, testing procedures, and applicability to vehicles without drivers.

Proposal to extend the scope to vehicles of category X (application to vehicles without driver and manual driving controls), to define door closure warning systems, address ADS features of type 1 and type 2, add requirements for door locking devices on vehicles equipped with ADSF-2, and modify references to driver-side impacts by impacts on one side of the vehicle.

The eighth meeting of the Informal Working Group on EV/HFCV Retrofit Systems is scheduled for Tuesday 21st April 2026. The agenda includes coordination and organization of work with reference to GRPE-92-14, EVHFCV-02-02, GRPE-93-22-Rev.1, GRSP-78-17, GRVA-24-07, and GRPE-94-06, electrical safety review, cybersecurity, braking, EMC, and UN draft documentation review. Future meetings are planned for 11th June, 2nd July, and 9th September, with hybrid and online formats.

Unlock refers to transition of a doorlatch system into a state in which operation of the latch-release control is no longer inhibited, allowing the latch to disengage from the striker. Unlatching refers to transition into a state in which the latch and striker are no longer capable of withstanding separation forces, thereby allowing the door to move away from the vehicle body structure. Opening refers to the action by which a door is moved from its closed position to an open position through mechanical force or energizing an actuated device. Child Safety Lock System is a locking device which, when engaged, prevents operation of the interior door handle or other release device.

Proposal to provide guidance on application of UN R155 to transformed vehicles. Transformations require new approval unless clear evidence shows original approval remains valid. Cyber-relevant modifications include addition of electrical/electronic systems, inappropriate interface connections, and wiring protection modifications. The approval authority determines whether transformation is cyber-relevant by assessing impact on original vehicle architecture, connection risks, cybersecurity management systems, and whether non-automotive equipment complies with relevant regulations. Manufacturers must provide documentary evidence including functional descriptions, connection details, software modifications, and compliance with original manufacturer instructions.

Proposal to amend UN R155 by clarifying its scope to exclude certain equipment. The proposal amends paragraph 5.3.2. to require approval authorities to notify others of assessment methods and criteria. New paragraphs 8.2. and 8.3. establish that vehicle manufacturer installation of equipment with negligible intrinsic cyber security risk, or standard domestic, business or industrial equipment connected only for power, shall not require further assessment under paragraph 7, provided specified criteria are justified. Annex I is amended to include any equipment excluded from assessment pursuant to paragraphs 8.2. and 8.3.

Proposal to amend WP.29-198-09. The proposal modifies paragraph 5.3.2 to specify that visual images are mandatory data elements to be recorded during a triggering event, with a recording interval of minus 7 to plus 7 seconds relative to the triggering event. The EDR/DSSAD-IWG has agreed to set the condition for requirement field to “Mandatory” in the visual image table.

Proposal to amend WP.29-198-07. Paragraph 5.3.2. is amended to specify that the “Condition for requirement” field for visual images in the time-series data table during a triggering event is set to “Mandatory,” with a recording interval of -7 to +7 seconds relative to the triggering event. The EDR/DSSAD-IWG has agreed to this modification to complete the blank field in the original document.

Based on SLR-76-03-Rev1 for R48 and tentatively applying WP.29/2024/76, IMMA presents transitional provisions for UN R53. The document outlines provisions applicable to all amendment series, including that Contracting Parties may grant type-approvals according to any preceding series and shall continue granting extensions of existing approvals. For the 05 series of amendments, specific dates establish when Contracting Parties shall accept or refuse type-approvals, with exceptions for equipment, parts, and unaffected vehicle systems.

This document consolidates inputs from Officers of Principal Interest (OPI) on the Automated Driving Systems (ADS) Guidance and Interpretation Document and organizes content into regulatory text, guidance, comments, and examples to facilitate April-May 2026 Workshop discussions. The document provides interpretation of UN Global Technical Regulation and UN Regulation requirements on ADS, addressing safety performance of the Dynamic Driving Task in nominal, critical, and failure situations; interactions between ADS and users; post-deployment safety monitoring through Safety Performance Indicators; Safety Management System audit criteria; and simulation credibility frameworks for verification and validation, while emphasizing that guidance does not introduce new requirements and that the Regulations remain the sole authoritative texts under 1958 and 1998 Agreements.

The 20th ADS informal working group session and 17th GRVA Workshop on Automated Driving Systems will meet during 27 April-1 May 2026. The session will address proposals to amend the draft Guidance and Interpretation Document covering definitions, performance of the DDT, scope, application for approval, general requirements, interactions between the ADS and its user(s), safety management systems, post-deployment safety, test environments, and certificate of compliance. Additional agenda items include further development of the GTR and UNR and consideration of next steps and future meetings.

Proposal to enable application to vehicles of category X, including clarifications to test procedures for asymmetric side structures and specifications for category X vehicles. In manual driving mode no special provisions or exemptions apply; in a mode where an ADS feature is active, the relevant ADS requirements apply. The regulation does not apply to vehicles of category Y.

Proposal to extend application of UN R127 to vehicles of category X and those without drivers or manual driving controls, modify scope provisions, update headform acceleration criteria in paragraph 2.48, add new approval mark provisions distinguishing WAD 2,100 versus WAD 2,500 boundaries, require mandatory notification and uploading of test results to the DETA database, and set transitional provisions with dates through 2033 for type approvals and acceptance of previous amendments.

Proposal to amend the Interpretation Document for UN R156. The document clarifies requirements in paragraph 7 and Annex 1 concerning software update and software update management systems to promote uniform assessments and align with the 01 series of amendments. The document provides non-mandatory guidance for demonstrating compliance with UN R156 requirements through documentation, presentation, and audit, with supporting reference to ISO 24089:2023. The proposal addresses processes for software updates after vehicle registration, including assessment of compliance impacts, documentation procedures, security measures, over-the-air update safeguards, and vehicle user notification requirements.

Proposal to amend UN R10 by inserting new paragraphs to address Automated Driving System (ADS) requirements. The supplement to the 07 series of amendments extends the Regulation’s application to vehicles of categories X and Y equipped with an ADS, as well as conventional vehicles with an ADS, while maintaining the spirit of the original Regulation. Modifications include new definitions for “ADS test configuration,” revised immunity related functions to account for ADS sensor performance, and updated test conditions specifying that ADS shall be operational during testing. Alternative testing methods may be used when the ADS cannot function in the laboratory environment, subject to type-approval authority agreement.

The CLIV informal group held its 15th session in Seoul from 24–27 March 2026, focusing on drafting performance requirements for buses and coaches. Japan proposed a five-minute inspection duration for drivers to confirm all children have disembarked; however, OICA suggested linking inspection time to passenger capacity. On Day 3, Japan presented a revised position: buses with 25 or more passenger seats require five minutes before a CLIV warning event occurs, while buses with fewer than 25 passenger seats require three minutes. All delegates supported this approach. The IWG agreed to draft papers for submission to affected GRs concerning external audible and visual warning signal proposals and intends to submit the draft UN Regulation to GRSP for informal consideration at the June 2026 GRSP session.

Door-opening collision accidents between motor vehicles and vulnerable road users occur frequently and pose serious risks to road traffic safety. No mandatory UN Regulation or Global Technical Regulation for Door Opening Warning Systems exists internationally, resulting in regional inconsistencies. A virtual kick-off workshop was held on 1 April with participation from contracting parties and stakeholders. The workshop reviewed accident data from Germany and China, discussed potential technical parameters for DOWS, and identified the need for broader international data collection. Further workshops are envisaged pending availability of substantive new input.

Proposal to amend UN Regulation No. 39 (Speedometer and odometer) to introduce software update references and identification. New provisions add definitions regarding Software Identification Number, refer to Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), Annex 7, paragraph 2. Modifications address production definitively discontinued, software updates for registered vehicles, hardware and software information provision, vehicle approval for differentiating software versions, and additional information regarding software identification. The proposal references ECE/TRANS/WP.29/1175, paragraph 37, and incorporates provisions from R.E.3 Annex 7 to define R39SWIN as dedicated identifier representing type-approval relevant software information.

Proposal to amend UN Regulation No. 121 by inserting new paragraph 5.2.1.1 stating that fonts shown in Table 1 are not intended to be restrictive and other fonts may be substituted if legibility is maintained. Table 1, Note No. 20 is amended to clarify that the font of letters “OFF” or “ESC OFF” is not intended to be restrictive. The purpose is to clarify the text, provide flexibility, harmonize with international standards, and adapt to current digital work tools.

Comments address proposals EDO-05-03e and EDO-05-04e. On intuitiveness, the definition was agreed upon but concerns remain regarding ambiguity under self-certification system. Specific examples may be included such as door handle with gripping space, and mark/label/symbol on latch control. On power loss test, overall test procedures were agreed upon. Clarifications needed include normal riding position in 2.2.3., and whether interior test testers proceed with opening procedure after 60 minutes for all doors with 4 times repetition per door within 60 minutes proposed.

The Cross Matrix activity began with TFSL-02-07 (May 2021) defining the concept to assess regulation effects across different areas. TFVS-04-14 (Sep. 2021) clarified building a sound model. Early work 2021-2022 defined traffic and fleet scenarios through TFVS-05-06, TFVS-06-03, TFVS-07-08, and TFVS-06-05, which selected eight scenarios from residential areas to motorways. Activity decreased by 2023, with TFVS-12-06 calling for resumption. TFVS-17-07 compared model results from EU, Switzerland, Japan, and HMG Akustiklabor. Future steps include addressing L_max, traffic measure effects, opening the approach to L categories, and assessing progress from new RD-ASEP in UN R41 06 series.

This document addresses rear direction-indicator lamps mounted at low positions on vehicles. Republic of Korea reports increased public petitions and media articles regarding visibility and recognition concerns, particularly in congested traffic and for vehicles with higher driver seating positions like SUVs. UN Regulation No. 48 specifies direction-indicator lamp height requirements: not less than 350 mm and not more than 1,500 mm, or up to 2,100 mm under certain structural conditions. The presentation seeks feedback on similar issues from other countries and manufacturers.

Baseline document for amending UN R74 (based on WP.29/2024/91, SLR-71-07, SLR-71-7, SLR-66-01, and SLR-73-07). Key changes include: simplifying definitions; using “type-approved” and “type-approval” with hyphens per UN R48; replacing “vehicle type (moped)” with “type of vehicles of category L₁”; adding hyphenation to “direction-indicator lamp”; deleting “above” from paragraph references; clarifying UN R48 series; removing “to this Regulation” after Annex references; applying scientific notation for lumens; including electric vehicles; revising individual and general provisions; correcting signal lamp category errors; and using category symbols instead of lamp function names.

Draft amendments to UN R53 (based on SLR-71-07, SLR-71-7, SLR-66-01, SLR-73-07, SLR-75-05, and WP.29/2024/30) updates the baseline document for the 05 series of amendments. Key changes include: simplification of definitions and general specifications; consolidation of individual specifications; addition of EV inclusion and failure provisions; editorial harmonization with UN R48 baseline regarding hyphenation, terminology, and formatting; replacement of “visual failure tell-tale” with “tell-tale indicating failure” and “rear-end collision alert signal” with RECAS; standardization of vehicle category references; adoption of scientific notation with lumens; simplification of paragraphs 6.4 and 6; and revision of the transitional provisions.

The agenda for the 14th session of Task Force Virtual Crash Testing covers approval of agenda and minutes, review of a progress dashboard, and a proposal for virtual testing introduced by France. Discussion items include assessment of Human Model readiness at various timeframes and feedback from HBM4VT network stakeholders. The session concludes with next steps and scheduling.

The informal working group on Global Technical Regulation for Acceleration Control for Pedal Error will meet on May 8th, 2026 via MS Teams from 12:00 to 14:00 CEST. The agenda includes approval of the agenda, adoption of the draft report for the previous meeting, review of a list of ACPE-equipped vehicles, preliminary outcome and planning research activities, coordination of research activities, other business, and a list of action items and next meetings.