Explanatory document on proposed amendments to UN R168 to enable real driving emissions testing of hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles. The work-based approach replaces the CO-based moving averaging window methodology currently inapplicable to hydrogen-fuelled vehicles. Engine speed and torque data replace carbon monoxide to define window size and calculate the RDE/WLTP work ratio. Testing of a light commercial vehicle demonstrates the methodology’s practical applicability under regular and severe driving conditions, with results processed through independent post-processing tools.

Proposal to insert a new definition of hydrogen ICE vehicle, add a note to paragraph 6.1 specifying emissions requirements for 4-phase and 3-phase WLTC analysis, amend paragraphs 8.2, 9.3.1, 9.5, 10.2, 10.6, and 10.7 to clarify trip validity assessment procedures, amend Figure 6 to reflect updated assessment procedures, amend Table A4/1 to add engine fuel flow parameter and clarify mandatory parameters for hydrogen ICE vehicles, insert a new row in Table A5/1 for hydrogen, amend Annex 6 paragraph 3.2.2 to require engine speed and torque recording for hydrogen ICE vehicles, insert hydrogen in Table A7/1, retitle Annex 8, amend Annex 8 paragraph 1 to clarify application of moving averaging window method, and add new Annex 8a establishing an alternative moving averaging window methodology based on engine work for hydrogen ICE vehicles, and amend Annex 11 paragraphs 2, 3.1, and 3.2 and Figure A11/1 to incorporate work ratio calculations for hydrogen fuel tests.

Japan presents positions on working documents for UN R168 (Real Driving Emissions). Japan does not accept the Level 1C concept, proposes deleting the type-approval scheme for equipment to eliminate unnecessary burden, and recommends adding technical requirements for laboratory equipment instead. Japan expresses technical concerns regarding sampling line temperature limits, text structure requiring restructuring, and hydrogen ICE provisions including dry-wet correction applicability and trip validity methods for bi-fuel vehicles.

Status update on Euro 7 implementation for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. For LDV (M₁, N₁), application begins 30 months after Euro 7 entry into force for new types (29 November 2026) and 42 months for all new vehicles (29 November 2027). For HDV (M₂, M₃, N₂, N₃, O₃, O₄), application begins 48 months after entry into force for new types (29 May 2028) and 60 months for all new vehicles (29 May 2029). Small Volume Manufacturers comply from 1 July 2030 (M₁, N₁) and 1 July 2031 (M₂, M₃, N₂, N₃). Brake emissions apply 1 January 2030 for LDV and 1 January 2030–1 January 2035 for HDV. Tyre abrasion (UN R186) applies 1 July 2028 for C1 class tyres, 1 April 2030 for C2 class, and 1 April 2032 for C3 class.

Proposal to amend Annex 2, point 0.8. of Section I to add a footnote clarifying that documentation of name(s) and address(es) of assembly plant(s) shall only be applicable when the manufacturer’s information document in accordance with Part 2 of Annex 1 was supplied for type-approval purposes. UN Regulation No. 168 includes two versions of the manufacturer’s information document; Part 1 applies when all vehicles covered are also type-approved according to UN Regulation No. 154, while Part 2 applies when at least one vehicle is not covered by UN Regulation No. 154 type-approval.

Proposal to

• Amend para. 1. to revise scope and application for vehicles of categories M₁, M₂, and N₁,
• Insert footnote 1 to para. 1.,
• Amend para. 3.3. to add driver specification,
• Amend para. 3.3.3. to define “Mass in running order” and exclude driver mass for vehicles of categories X and Y,
• Amend para. 3.3.5. to define “Odometer” with reference to ADS,
• Amend note a of Figure 3 to exclude driver mass for vehicles of categories X and Y,
• Renumber footnote 1 to footnote 2 in para. 5.4.1. and amend it,
• Amend para. 8.3.1. to specify vehicle condition requirements including mode testing and normal driving verification,
• Insert new para. 9.3.5. establishing special provisions for ADS-equipped vehicles of categories X and Y and other categories,
• Amend Annex 1 Part 2 para. 12.10. to reference user-selectable modes and emissions,
• Amend Annex 1 explanatory note (h) to specify driver mass assessment at 75 kg,
• Amend Annex 4 Table A4/1 row 21. to identify acceleration demand sensor or ECU.

Proposal to insert a new definition of hydrogen ICE vehicle, amend para. 8.2. to establish a two-step verification procedure for trip dynamic conditions, amend para. 9.3.1. to include requirements for hydrogen-fueled tests, amend para. 9.5. to require validation of software tools for trip verification and emissions calculation, amend para. 10.2. to establish a three-step trip validity assessment procedure, amend Figure 6 to illustrate the trip validity assessment procedure, amend para. 10.6. to include gaseous pollutant and particle number emissions during cold start in normal evaluation for hydrogen-fueled tests, amend para. 10.7. to apply separate data-set creation for 3-phase and 4-phase evaluation, amend Table A4/1 to add engine fuel flow as a test parameter, amend Table A5/1 footnote 3 to make PN concentration mandatory for hydrogen ICE vehicles, insert a new row in Table A7/1 for hydrogen stoichiometric coefficient values, amend Annex 8 title and para. 1. to clarify application to non-hydrogen vehicles, and add new Annex 8a establishing a moving averaging window method using distance-specific work for hydrogen ICE vehicles and amend Annex 11 paras. 2., 3.1., and 3.2. to include work ratio calculations applicable to hydrogen-fueled tests.

Proposal to add abbreviations for Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and Quantum Cascade Laser mid-InfraRed detection (QCL-IR) analysers, amend the definition of ‘Type of analyser’ to reference ‘Instrument manufacturer’, insert a new definition of ‘Instrument manufacturer’, amend paragraph 4.1.1 to permit use of QCL-IR or FTIR analysers for gaseous components except THC, add detailed specifications for FTIR and QCL-IR analysers including installation requirements and assessment procedures according to CEN EN 17507:2021, amend paragraph 4.3.5 to add interference check procedures for FTIR and QCL-IR analysers, and insert new Annexes 13 and 14 establishing a protocol for analyser assessment and a model certificate of acceptable analyser assessment.

Proposal to amend para. 1 to provide requirements for four levels of approval including a new Level 1C based on 4-phase WLTC testing with requirements identical to Level 1A but allowing type approval test substitution with declaration of compliance, amend para. 5.2.1.© to indicate implementing stage/level as 1A, 1B, 1C or 02, amend para. 5.4.3. to require approval mark code distinguishing the level granted, and amend Table A3/1 of Annex 3 to assign code 1C to European Union and code 02 to Harmonized.

Proposal to amend para. 1 to clarify that type approval may be granted to vehicles of categories M₁, M₂, and N₁ with a reference mass not exceeding 2,840 kg at the manufacturer’s request, without requiring an existing approval of a configuration below 2,610 kg. The current wording restricts approval between 2,610 kg and 2,840 kg to extensions of existing approvals, creating market distortion. The concern is becoming more relevant with fleet electrification, as electrified vehicles are heavier and require different type designations in emissions-based regulations.

GRBP, GRE, GRPE, GRSG, GRSP, and GRVA are ready with working documents on non-ADS regulation amendments. TF AVRS is working on ADS marker lamps. UNECE published 93 amendment proposals regarding ADS fitness and ADS UNR and GTR for the 199th session of WP.29 in June 2026. UN R168.00 is tabled for the 200th session of WP.29. UN R154 former series is postponed to GRPE-95 in October 2026. Y category passive safety regulation is planned for GRSP-80 in December 2026.

Proposal to amend UN R86 on various provisions related to vehicle scope, mass definitions, approval references, and test requirements:

• Amend paras. 1.1. and 1.2. to modify the scope for Level 1A and Level 1B
• Insert Footnote 1 to para. 1.
• Amend para. 3.3. to revise the heading
• Amend para. 3.3.3. to redefine “Mass in running order” and clarify driver mass inclusion for vehicles of categories X and Y
• Amend Note a of Figure 3 to align the definition of mass and driver mass treatment
• Renumber Footnote 1 to Footnote 2 in para. 5.4.1. and amend its content to reference the 1958 Agreement distinguishing numbers
• Amend para. 8.3.1. to expand vehicle condition requirements including selectable modes, battery charge mode, ADS features, aerodynamics modifications, test mass composition, driving behaviour verification, and emissions monitoring parameters
• Insert new para. 9.3.5. and new para. 9.3.5.1. to establish special provisions for vehicles equipped with an ADS
• Amend Annex 1 Part 1 to add approval number references to UN Regulation No. 154 and level of approval designation
• Amend Annex 1 Part 2 to add level of approval designation
• Amend para. 12.10. of Annex 1 Part 2 to expand the scope of devices or systems with user-selectable modes to include electric energy consumption
• Amend the explanatory note (h) of Annex 1
• Amend row 21 of Table A4/1 in Annex 4 to modify acceleration demand parameters.

Additional validation work to support the the proposal to:
• Provide new evidence based on additional analysis.
• Compare MAW window validation and RDE results using work, fuel, and CO₂-based parameters.

Proposal to enable the approval of vehicles equipped with an Automated Driving System under this Regulation.

Proposal to enable the approval of vehicles equipped with an Automated Driving System under this Regulation.