Proposal to replace para. 9.3.2.1., replace paras. 9.3.2.8.1. and 9.3.2.9.1., amend paras. 9.3.9.2.2. and 9.3.9.6., and insert new Appendices 10 and 11. The replacements clarify measurement principles, specify that analyser assessment may be conducted by type-approval authorities, designated technical services, or metrological institutes preferably via witnessed testing at the instrument manufacturer premises, and provide protocols and certificate models for analyser assessment. Amendments to para. 9.3.9.2.2. permit alternative humidification techniques and clarify that test gas shall be humidified to a water concentration approximately equal to the maximum water concentration expected during emission testing for all fuels. Amendment to para. 9.3.9.6. specifies that spectral resolution shall have a nominal value ≤0.5 cm⁻¹ to minimise cross interference.

Explanatory document on proposed amendments to UN R168 to enable real driving emissions testing of hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles. The work-based approach replaces the CO-based moving averaging window methodology currently inapplicable to hydrogen-fuelled vehicles. Engine speed and torque data replace carbon monoxide to define window size and calculate the RDE/WLTP work ratio. Testing of a light commercial vehicle demonstrates the methodology’s practical applicability under regular and severe driving conditions, with results processed through independent post-processing tools.

Proposal to amend para. 3.5.1. to include dual-fuel engines of Type 1A with hydrogen as gaseous fuel, amend para. 4.12.3.3.7. to establish a series of digits identifying dual-fuel engine types in the approval mark, insert new definitions for ‘Instrument manufacturer’ and ‘Type of analyzer’ in Annex 4 para. 3.1., insert new symbols and abbreviations in Annex 4 paras. 3.4. and 3.5., amend paras. 7.6.6., 7.7.4., and 8.1.1. to accommodate H₂O measurement and hydrogen engine calculations, amend para. 8.4.2.1., amend para. 8.6.2. to exclude CH₄ calculation when measured by FTIR or QCL-IR, amend para. 9.3.1.8. regarding gas drying, amend para. 9.3.2. to introduce FTIR and QCL-IR analyzers for CO, CO₂, CH₄, and NOx measurement with specifications in paras. 9.3.2.8. and 9.3.2.9., insert new para. 9.3.2.10. for independent analyzer assessment, amend para. 9.3.9. and para. 9.3.9.2.2. regarding interference effects and water quench checks, insert new paras. 9.3.9.5. and 9.3.9.6. for FTIR and QCL-IR interference checks, amend Annex 4 Appendix 2 para. A.2.1.2., amend Annex 4 Appendix 5 para. A.5.2., insert new Annex 4 Appendix 9 establishing procedure for H₂O measurement, insert new Annex 4 Appendix 10 for FTIR and QCL-IR analyzer assessment protocol, insert new Annex 4 Appendix 11 establishing model certificate for analyzer assessment, amend Annex 8 Appendix 1 paras. A.1.1., A.1.2.2., A.1.3.2.1., A.1.4.1., and A.1.4.3. for Type 1A hydrogen dual-fuel engines, amend Annex 15 paras. 4.2.2.3., 6.1., 10.3., and Appendix 4 paras. A.4.3.1., A.4.4.1.1., A.4.4.3.1., and A.4.4.3.3.

Proposal to insert new definitions for ‘Instrument manufacturer’ and ‘Type of analyzer’, add symbols and abbreviations for hydrogen, water, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, oxygen and particulates, add abbreviations for flame ionisation detector, Fourier transform infrared analyser, non-methane cutter and quantum cascade laser mid-infrared detection, amend provisions for hydrogen Type 1A dual fuel engines, modify fuel temperature requirements, insert procedures for water measurement using QCL-IR and FTIR analysers, add FTIR and QCL-IR analyser requirements and interference verification procedures, insert protocols and certificates for FTIR and QCL-IR analyser assessment, add fuel types including hydrogen, modify measurement procedures for dual-fuel hydrogen engines, and update related calculation methods and specifications throughout Annexes 4A, 4B and 11.

Proposal to amend UN R49 to approve the use of hydrogen dual-fuel as a fuel in type approval of emissions for heavy-duty vehicles. The amendments introduce new requirements for measuring instruments such as FT-IR and QCL-IR, add symbols and specifications for hydrogen-fuelled engines specifying that only Type 1A hydrogen fuel is applicable, amend emission calculation formulas for ETC/ESC and WHDC test procedures, add new HO direct measurement methods for NOx wet correction calculation, and add declaration formats for FT-IR and QCL-IR approval.

Status update on Euro 7 implementation for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. For LDV (M₁, N₁), application begins 30 months after Euro 7 entry into force for new types (29 November 2026) and 42 months for all new vehicles (29 November 2027). For HDV (M₂, M₃, N₂, N₃, O₃, O₄), application begins 48 months after entry into force for new types (29 May 2028) and 60 months for all new vehicles (29 May 2029). Small Volume Manufacturers comply from 1 July 2030 (M₁, N₁) and 1 July 2031 (M₂, M₃, N₂, N₃). Brake emissions apply 1 January 2030 for LDV and 1 January 2030–1 January 2035 for HDV. Tyre abrasion (UN R186) applies 1 July 2028 for C1 class tyres, 1 April 2030 for C2 class, and 1 April 2032 for C3 class.

The report describes the final status of Amendment 2 to UN GTR No. 24 covering laboratory measurement of brake emissions, including hardware requirements (brake dynamometer, enclosure design, fixtures, temperature measurement, sampling tunnel and plane), the WLTP Brake cycle test procedure with quality checks and temperature specifications, cooling air conditioning specifications, cooling adjustment section procedures for different brake categories, bedding and emissions measurement sections, and PM mass concentration measurement methodology validated through an Inter-laboratory Study across multiple testing facilities.

The Task Force reviewed and approved regulatory amendments for ADS-equipped vehicles across multiple UN Regulations. Key decisions included adopting a simplified and consistent definition of ‘vehicle user’ for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, retaining original wording for warning signal transmission to ADS systems, and amending engine torque terminology under UN R49. Amendments were reviewed for UN R49, UN R83, UN R115, UN R154, UN R177, UN R179, and UN R180, with focus on consistency regarding ADS testing modes and an additional 25 kg mass allowance for vehicles of categories X and Y. The Task Force acknowledged that ADS operation may result in additional energy consumption not fully reflected in current testing procedures and agreed to seek GRPE guidance on possible future work.

Proposal to amend para. A.1.3.2.1. to modify the PEMS consistency check of exhaust mass flow and gas concentrations for fuels with a molar carbon to hydrogen ratio of 0. For such fuels, the formula in para. 8.4.1.6. of Annex 4 shall be used instead, with Equations 30 and 31 applied for Type 1A dual-fuel hydrogen engines. The verification shall not apply to engines operated on non-carbon fuels or dual-fuel engines when operated in dual-fuel mode with at least one fuel having a molar carbon to hydrogen ratio of 0.

Proposal to amend para. 9.3.2.1 in annex 4 to correct a paragraph number reference from ‘9.2.3.7.’ to ‘9.3.2.7.’ in the text describing measurement principles. The correction addresses a typographical error introduced in WP.29/2025/94.

Proposal to amend para. 9.3.2.7. to specify that air to fuel measurement equipment shall be a wide range air to fuel ratio sensor or lambda sensor of Zirconia type mounted directly on the exhaust pipe where exhaust gas temperature is high enough to eliminate water condensation, with sensor accuracy within 3 per cent of reading for less than 2, 5 per cent of reading for 2 to less than 5, and 10 per cent of reading for 5 or greater, calibrated as specified by the instrument manufacturer.

Proposal to replace para. 9.3.2.8.1. and 9.3.2.9.1. to permit examination and verification of FTIR and QCL-IR analysers by type-approval authorities and designated technical services in addition to metrological institutes, preferably via witnessed testing at the instrument manufacturer’s premises, amend para. 9.3.9.2.2. to permit humidification techniques other than water bubblers and to clarify water concentration requirements for all fuels, and insert new Appendices 10 and 11 setting out a protocol for analyser assessment and a model certificate of acceptable analyser assessment.

Proposal to revise definitions for malfunction indication, reference mass, unladen mass, and vehicle user; add provisions for vehicles equipped with an Automated Driving System; establish documentation requirements for vehicle user warning and inducement systems; update testing procedures for in-service conformity and OBD connector location; and specify activation and deactivation mechanisms for vehicle user warning and inducement systems across multiple annexes, with references to WP.29/1045.

Proposal to update UN R49 to accommodate Automated Driving Systems (ADS). The supplement modifies definitions, mass calculations, warning systems, and testing procedures to apply to vehicles without human drivers. References to drivers are replaced with “vehicle user” terminology, and special provisions are added for ADS-equipped vehicles in testing and operational requirements.

Proposal to improve FTIR/QCL Analyser Examination (Para. 9.3.2.8.1, 9.3.2.9.1, 9.3.2.10, Appendices 10–11), including expanding the examination authority to include type-approval authorities and technical services, requiring witnessing of the testing at the instrument manufacturer’s facility, and introducing new appendices providing an examiner template and a verification certificate format, and to permit other techniques for the water quench check (Para. 9.3.2.9.9) to address the adverse effects of H₂O and CO₂ on the CLD’s NOx response and align with the provisions of 40 CFR 1065.750(e)(5).