Summary of research findings from DDADWS meetings 8 and 9 concerning driver drowsiness detection and warning systems. Topics covered include fatigue contributing to 15–30% of road crashes, the safety-critical nature of KSS levels 8 and 9, distinguishing drowsiness from microsleep events, eye-closure behaviour as a practical detection tool with 2-second minimum duration criteria removing 85% of false positives while preserving 90% of true positives, KSS as a validation reference measure, testing environments including simulators and on-road conditions, system performance metrics, observable signs of drowsy driving including lane deviations and ocular indicators, participant demographics and state, ensuring valid drowsiness testing, warning effectiveness and escalation strategies, and evidence-based design factors for drowsiness warnings.

The agenda includes:

• DDAW system warnings and driver acknowledgement,
• microsleep detection requirements,
• system effectiveness under varied driving conditions and when DCAS is active,
• system functionality where driver occlusions occur,
• drowsiness thresholds for warnings,
• criteria for classifying false negatives,
• test methods,
• specificity and positive predictive value as performance metrics,
• observer-rated drowsiness,
• timing of future meetings.

Proposal to amend UN R18, UN R39, UN R46, UN R55, UN R58, UN R67, UN R73, UN R93, UN R97, UN R102, UN R105, UN R107, UN R110, UN R116, UN R121, UN R122, UN R125, UN R144, UN R147, UN R151, UN R158, UN R159, UN R160, UN R161, UN R162, UN R163, UN R166, UN R169, UN R176, UN R181, UN R182 and UN R183:

• Add new paragraphs defining Software Identification Number by reference to Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3) Annex 7, para. 2,
• amend paragraphs concerning production discontinuation to clarify that production is not considered definitively discontinued if vehicle manufacturers intend to obtain subsequent extensions of approval for software updates of vehicles already registered in the market,
• add new paragraphs requiring manufacturers to provide Technical Services with information on all hardware and software having an influence on performance,
• add new paragraphs allowing vehicle manufacturers to apply for new vehicle approvals to differentiate software versions for vehicles already registered in the market from those for new vehicles,
• add new paragraphs to approval forms requesting additional information regarding software identification and software updates, including whether Software Identification Number is held on the vehicle and relevant parameters for identification of vehicles that can be updated with the represented software.

Proposal to extend the mandate of the DDADWS informal group until October 2028 to enable development of new (01) series of amendments to the original texts of the driver drowsiness and driver distraction warning systems regulations.

The initial regulations for Driver Drowsiness and Attention Warning and Advanced Driver Distraction Warning systems were adopted at GRSG-130 and WP.29-198. DDADWS is developing 01 series regulations, with workshops and online meetings planned. The group seeks a mandate extension to October 2028 to complete 01 series development, with proposed submission for approval to GRSG-136.

Proposal to amend Annex 4 – Data elements and format, Table 1, modifying Advanced driver distraction warning (ADDW) data elements to record status and time since warning issued instead of number of warnings and time elapsed since last warning, modifying Driver control assistance system (DCAS) driver monitoring system data elements to record time since disengagement warning issued and warning type instead of number of hands-on requests, eyes-on requests, direct control alerts, and time elapsed since last warning, and adding Driver drowsiness and attention warning (DDAW) status and time since warning issued data elements while removing number of warnings and time elapsed since last warning, with ADDW and DDAW elements listed up to five times for most recent warnings and DCAS warning type listed up to fifteen times for most recent warnings on current trip.