|
17 Jul 2009
|
Proposal for draft Supplement 5 to the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE/2009/69
|
2009-07-17 |
Germany |
|
22 Oct 2010
|
Proposal for Amendments to Regulation 48 (Germany)
|
GRE-64-57
|
2010-10-22 |
Germany |
|
29 Mar 2011
|
Angular specifications for courtesy and manoeuvring lamps (Germany)
|
GRE-65-31
|
2011-03-29 |
Germany |
|
10 Feb 2012
|
Proposal to IEC (Germany)
|
GRE-67-01
|
2012-02-10 |
Proposed revisions to IEC 60809 and 60810 in accordance with UN Regulations for signalling devices to address risks in the use of low-quality non-replaceable filament lamps. Germany |
|
10 Feb 2012
|
Proposal for Corrigendum to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE-67-04
|
2012-02-10 |
GRE created a Task Force on Conspicuity Marking to reconcile proposals concerning commercial vehicles contained in documents GRE/2011/53 and GRE/2011/62. The chair of the group offers this text as a compromise for GRE review. Germany |
|
23 Mar 2012
|
Proposal for amendments to Regulations Nos. 19, 48 and 98 (Germany)
|
GRE-67-19
|
2012-03-23 |
Proposal to clarify the deletion of distributed lighting systems (DLS), or rather light generators, from the Regulations No. 19, 48 and 98, because the provisions for the DLS systems are incomplete. This deletion was never fully completed and in the meantime these systems have become obsolete. Germany |
|
29 Mar 2012
|
Proposal for Corrigendum to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE-67-38
|
2012-03-29 |
Submission by the chair of the Task Force on Conspicuity Marking presenting the compromise agreed at GRE-67 for commercial vehicle markings: cumulative horizontal marking length of 70% and allowing alternative minimum marking of the cab by retro-reflectors. Germany |
|
25 Sep 2012
|
Proposal for amendment to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE-68-04
|
2012-09-25 |
Proposal from Germany, prepared with support from the Netherlands, to insert provisions for the use of light source control gear in the case of halogen incandescent light sources. Germany |
|
10 Oct 2012
|
Proposal for amendments to Regulations Nos. 19, 48 and 98 (Germany)
|
GRE-68-15
|
2012-10-10 |
Updated proposal to clarify the deletion of distributed lighting systems (DLS), or rather light generators, from the Regulations No. 19, 48 and 98, because the provisions for the DLS systems are incomplete. This deletion was never fully complete while these systems have become obsolete. Germany |
|
17 Oct 2012
|
Proposal for amendments to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE-68-30
|
2012-10-17 |
Proposal to delete the exemption for category M1 and N1 vehicles from the requirement for a minimum distance between the inner edges of two adjacent lighting surfaces. Germany |
|
4 Apr 2013
|
Brief notes on the 65th WP.1 session (Germany)
|
GRE-69-22
|
2013-04-04 |
Report on discussions aimed at reconciling the requirements of the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Traffic with
UN Regulations on lighting equipment. Germany |
|
28 Mar 2014
|
Proposal to amend UN regulation No. 48 concerning the activation of side marker lamps for turning heavy goods vehicles (Germany)
|
GRE-71-25
|
2014-03-28 |
Proposal to introduce flashing side marker lamps for vehicles of categories N<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>3</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>4</sub>. The objective of this provision is to improve the safety of vulnerable road users by better informing them about the intention of a heavy goods vehicle to make a turn. Germany believes this to be a simple measure that will improve the safety level especially for cyclists and pedestrians located in the blind spot area of a heavy goods vehicle. Germany |
|
16 Oct 2014
|
Proposal to amend the draft Supplement to the 06 series of amendments of Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE-72-05
|
2014-10-16 |
German proposal amending its earlier draft supplement to UN R48 that would introduce provisions for flashing side marker lamps for M2, M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4 category vehicles in order to promote the safety of vulnerable road users by informing them about the intended turns of buses and heavy goods vehicles and their trailers. The change would exempt the proposed requirement from the transitional provisions of the 06 series of amendments. Germany |
|
17 Oct 2014
|
Proposal for correction of ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRE/2014/31 (Germany, Netherlands, and IEC)
|
GRE-72-14
|
2014-10-17 |
Document GRE/2014/31 proposes to introduce requirements to avoid intentional non-approved (voltage) variation of the passing and driving beam, using halogen light sources and to harmonize it with the operating voltage requirements in Regulation No. 48. This correction seeks to improve the text by replacing the "about value" for the reference luminous flux with the exact value of 13.2V and to simplify the C.o.P. procedure.
Germany Netherlands IEC |
|
28 Oct 2014
|
Revised proposal for a Supplement to the 06 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE-72-22
|
2014-10-28 |
Revised proposal to introduce flashing side marker lamps for vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4 with the objective of improving the safety of vulnerable road users by informing them about the intended turns of buses and heavy goods vehicles and their trailers. This proposal replaces the version presented in document GRE/2014/33. Germany |
|
17 Apr 2015
|
Proposal for Supplement 6 to the 06 series of amendments to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE-73-14
|
2015-04-17 |
Proposal to clarify the requirements with regard to daytime running lamps and direction indicators in order to prevent DRL from masking or otherwise interfering with the visibility of the direction indicator lamps. Germany believes that the current text produces different interpretations with different results that risk degrading vehicle safety. Germany |
|
8 Apr 2015
|
Proposal for the [07] series of amendments to Regulation No. 48 (Germany and Japan)
|
GRE-73-17
|
2015-04-08 |
Proposal to reduce glare problems for drivers by deleting the exemption in Regulation No. 48 that allows manual leveling for dipped-beam headlamps, effectively mandating automatic leveling. Germany Japan |
|
22 Oct 2015
|
Proposal for a supplement to Regulation No. 48 (Italy and Germany)
|
GRE-74-22/Rev.1
|
2015-10-22 |
Revised proposal to include end-outline markers as an aid in the use of indirect vision devices (i.e., UN R46) for long commercial vehicles within the regulation, based on the previous document GRE/2015/34. Italy Germany |
|
3 Oct 2017
|
Evocative, suggestive or figurative apparent surfaces (France and Germany)
|
GRE-78-03
|
2017-10-03 |
Request for guidance regarding interpretation of UN lighting rules:<ol><li>Is it allowed that the shape of the apparent surface can be the logo of the manufacturer brand or other brand-identifying figures?</li><li>Is it allowed that the shape of the apparent surface can be the same as an evocative/suggestive figure? Even as an informative figure such as road traffic
signs?</li><li>Is the advertising lighting allowed at the national level in the Contracting parties, regarding to its influence on road safety and distraction?</li><li>Do we have to consider an apparent surface, whose shape is the logo of a brand manufacturer or other brand-identifying figures, as a advertising lighting?</li></ol>
France Germany |
|
23 Apr 2018
|
Proposal for the 07 series of amendments to UN R48 and for Supplement 20 to UN R87 (Germany and Italy)
|
GRE-79-25
|
2018-04-23 |
a) Proposal to amend UN R48 to clarify the DRL switching-off conditions (also aligning them with the existing switching-off conditions for front position lamps reciprocally incorporated with DI) and/or light intensity reduction when DRL and DI are totally or partially reciprocally incorporated and when their distance is equal or less than 40 mm.
b) Proposal to introduce into UN R87 the possibility of a supplemental verification and certification of the “reduced luminous intensity”, fulfilling the pertinent requirements in Regulation No. 48. Germany Italy |
|
26 Oct 2018
|
Evaluation of the questionnaire on evocative, suggestive or figurative apparent surfaces (France and Germany)
|
GRE-80-28
|
2018-10-26 |
France Germany |
|
18 Oct 2019
|
UN R48: Consolidated version of ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRE/2019/28 (France and Germany)
|
GRE-82-32
|
2019-10-18 |
France Germany |
|
22 Oct 2019
|
Proposal to amend ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRE/2019/20 (Germany)
|
GRE-82-41/Rev1
|
2019-10-22 |
This proposal base on document GRE/2019/20 and is an alternative to document GRE/2019/14.
Currently, UN Regulation No. 48 does not allow the manual switching off all lighting devices under all circumstances. This feature is necessary for armed services and forces responsible for maintaining public order and is requested by them. It is limited only to vehicles intended for use by the armed services and forces responsible for maintaining public order. This proposal aims to reduce disadvantages and can increase safety. Germany |
|
26 Oct 2020
|
Presentation of the study on dynamic levelling in GRE-83-03 (Germany)
|
GRE-83-03/Add.1
|
2020-10-26 |
Germany |
|
15 Oct 2020
|
Update concerning sun-load impact on light-signalling devices proposal (Germany)
|
GRE-83-40
|
2020-10-15 |
Germany |
|
17 Oct 2020
|
UN R48: Proposal for a Supplement (Germany)
|
GRE-83-42
|
2020-10-17 |
Proposal to address semitrailers where the required distance of the foremost side-marker lamp of 3 m from the front cannot be achieved.
Germany |
|
26 Oct 2020
|
Revised proposal for UN R148 and R48 submitted as GRE/2020/5 (France and Germany)
|
GRE-83-50
|
2020-10-26 |
France Germany |
|
18 Oct 2021
|
UN R48: Proposal for the use of manufacturer logos inside the illuminant surface of a signalling lamps. (France and Germany)
|
GRE-85-16
|
2021-10-18 |
France Germany |
|
24 Oct 2021
|
UN R48: Proposal for a new supplement to the 06, 07 and 08 series of amendments (Germany)
|
GRE-85-23
|
2021-10-24 |
Proposal that retrofitted and distracting stylish and outside facing interior lighting should not be allowed through interpretation of the revised regulation. Germany |
|
25 Oct 2021
|
UN R48: Clarification on the scope of the logos (Germany)
|
GRE-85-26
|
2021-10-25 |
Proposal clarifies that other logos than the vehicle or body manufacturer logos are prohibited. Germany |
|
30 Apr 2024
|
Manufacturer Logo as part of a Road illumination device (Germany)
|
GRE-90-28
|
2024-04-30 |
Germany |
|
16 Oct 2024
|
UN R48: Proposal to amend GRE/2024/13 (Germany)
|
GRE-91-24
|
2024-10-16 |
Germany |
|
16 Apr 2025
|
UN R48: Proposal to amend document GRE/2025/2 (Germany)
|
GRE-92-20
|
2025-04-16 |
Germany |
|
25 Apr 2025
|
UN R48: Proposal for a Supplement to the 08 and 09 series of amendments (Germany)
|
GRE-92-33/Rev.1
|
2025-04-25 |
This document replaces the proposal presented via documents GRE/2025/2 and GRE-92-20. Germany |
|
21 Oct 2025
|
Illustrations (diagrams) of illuminated logos (Germany)
|
GRE-93-26
|
2025-10-21 |
Germany |
|
13 Jan 2011
|
Proposal for Supplement 8 to the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE/2011/2
|
2011-01-13 |
Germany |
|
14 Jan 2011
|
Proposal for the [06] series of amendments to Regulation Nos. 48 (Germany and Netherlands)
|
GRE/2011/27
|
2011-01-14 |
Germany Netherlands |
|
22 Jul 2011
|
Proposal for Supplement 9 to the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE/2011/62
|
2011-07-22 |
Germany |
|
16 Jan 2012
|
Proposal for Supplement 2 to the 05 series of amendments to UN R48 (Germany)
|
GRE/2012/18
|
2012-01-16 |
Germany |
|
31 Jan 2013
|
Proposal for [Supplement 12 to the 04 series of amendments, Supplement 5 to the 05 series of amendments], Supplement 3 to the 06 series of amendments to Regulations No. 48 (France and Germany)
|
GRE/2013/14
|
2013-01-31 |
Text prepared by France and Germany to implement direction indicator lamps with spatial variation of the intensity into UN Regulation No. 48. France Germany |
|
31 Jan 2013
|
Proposal for collective amendments to Regulations Nos. 48 and 112 (Germany)
|
GRE/2013/18
|
2013-01-31 |
Text prepared by Germany with support from The Netherlands, to introduce requirements to avoid intentional non-approved (voltage) variation of the principal passing beam, using halogen light sources and to harmonize this with operating voltage requirements in UN Regulation 48. Germany |
|
31 Jan 2013
|
Proposal for collective amendments to Regulations Nos. 19, 48 and 98 (Germany)
|
GRE/2013/19
|
2013-01-31 |
Text prepared by Germany, with support from the Netherlands, to finalize the deletion of distributed lighting systems (DLS), or rather light generators, from the regulations. Germany |
|
31 Jan 2013
|
Proposal for Supplement 3 to the 06 series of amendments to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE/2013/20
|
2013-01-31 |
Submitted by Germany to clarify the requirements and to avoid the need for a telltale where one or more Light Emitting Diodes (LED) or LED modules, used to produce the principal passing beam, are wired such that the failure of any LED or LED module causes all the LED to stop emitting light. Germany |
|
31 Jan 2013
|
Proposal for supplement 3 to the 06 series of amendments to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE/2013/39
|
2013-01-31 |
Submitted by Germany and based on informal document GRE-68-30, proposing to delete the exemption for category M1 and N1 vehicles from the requirement for a minimum distance between the inner edges of two adjacent lighting surfaces. Germany |
|
14 Aug 2013
|
Proposal for Supplement 13 to the 04 series of amendments, Supplement 6 to the 05 series of amendments, Supplement 4 to the 06 series of amendments to Regulation No. 48 (France and Germany)
|
GRE/2013/60
|
2013-08-14 |
Proposal to amend UN R48 in order to enable type-approval of direction indicators with variable apparent surfaces. France Germany |
|
13 Aug 2014
|
Proposal for a Supplement to the 06 series of amendments of Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE/2014/33
|
2014-08-13 |
Proposal to introduce flashing side marker lamps for vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4 with the objective of improving the safety of vulnerable road users by informing them about the intended turns of buses and heavy goods vehicles and their trailers. Germany |
|
13 Aug 2014
|
Proposal for Supplements to the 04, 05 and 06 series of amendments to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE/2014/39
|
2014-08-13 |
The Working Party on General Safety (GRSG) has approved a proposal to require the automatic activation of hazard warning lights in buses and coaches in the event of excess temperatures in the engine and/or other compartments. This proposal would align UN R48 with this new requirement so a complete set of amendments can be presented for adoption at the March 2015 session of the World Forum. Germany |
|
21 Aug 2015
|
Proposal for a Supplement to Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE/2015/34
|
2015-08-21 |
Proposal to include end-outline markers as an aid in the use of indirect vision devices (i.e., UN R46) for long commercial vehicles within the regulation.
Germany |
|
21 Jan 2016
|
Proposal for collective amendments to Regulation No. 48 (Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices) and Regulation No. 87 (Germany)
|
GRE/2016/8
|
2016-01-21 |
Proposal to clarify the requirements with regard to daytime running lamps and direction indicators in order to prevent DRL from masking or otherwise interfering with the visibility of the direction indicator lamps. Germany believes that the current text produces different interpretations with different results that risk degrading vehicle safety. Germany |
|
12 Aug 2016
|
Proposal for Supplement 18 to the 04 series, Supplement 11 to the 05 series and Supplement 9 to the 06 series of amendments to Regulation No. 48 (OICA and Germany)
|
GRE/2016/33
|
2016-08-12 |
Proposal to amend Regulation No. 48 following the outcome of the 167th session of the World Forum where amendments to Regulations Nos. 97 and 116 on the status indicators for Vehicle Alarm System (VAS), Alarm System (AS) and immobilizer were adopted (WP.29/2015/87 and WP.29/2015/91). The proposal aims at defining and specifying the operation of the external status indicator for VAS, AS and the immobilizer. OICA Germany |
|
4 Feb 2019
|
LSD and UN R48.06: Proposal for supplements (France and Germany)
|
GRE/2019/6
|
2019-02-04 |
Proposal to allow under specified conditions the use of logos inside the illuminating surface of a signalling lamp. France Germany |
|
4 Feb 2019
|
UN R48: Proposal for a Supplement to the 06 series of amendments (Germany)
|
GRE/2019/8
|
2019-02-04 |
Proposal to introduce provisions:<ol class="alpha"><li>For vehicles intended for use by the armed services and forces responsible for maintaining public order: the manual switching off of all lighting devices in all circumstances;</li><li>In the absence of a “vehicle door assistance and warning system”: the mandatory application of the hazard warning lights to reduce the safety risks in the case a door is opened to the traffic side.</li></ol> Germany |
|
9 Aug 2019
|
UN R48: Proposal for a Supplement (Germany)
|
GRE/2019/14
|
2019-08-09 |
Proposal to allow the manual switching off all lighting devices in all circumstances for vehicles intended for use by the armed services and forces responsible for maintaining public order. Germany |
|
7 Aug 2019
|
Proposal for Supplements to the new UN Regulation No. [148] and to the 06 and [07] series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
GRE/2019/22
|
2019-08-07 |
Proposal to introduce requirements for testing the sun load impact, which can delay the perception of a signal in such a way that it may became a serious safety issue, if the sun load impact goes above a defined ratio. Germany |
|
9 Aug 2019
|
Proposal for Supplements to UN R148 and R48.06 (France and Germany)
|
GRE/2019/28
|
2019-08-09 |
Proposal to allow the use of logos inside the illuminating surface of a signalling lamp under certain conditions. France Germany |
|
5 Feb 2020
|
Proposal for Supplements to UN R148 and to the 06 series of amendments to UN R48 (France and Germany)
|
GRE/2020/5
|
2020-02-05 |
Proposal to allow the use of manufacturer logos in the internal structure of optical components and/or in the outer lens within the apparent surface of a signalling lamp. France Germany |
|
12 Feb 2021
|
Proposal for Supplements to UN Regulations Nos. 48 and 148 (France and Germany)
|
GRE/2020/5/Rev.1
|
2021-02-12 |
Proposal to allow the use of manufacturer logos inside the illuminant surface of a signalling lamp. France Germany |
|
12 Aug 2021
|
UN R48: Proposal for Supplement (France and Germany)
|
GRE/2020/5/Rev.2
|
2021-08-12 |
Proposal to allow the use of manufacturer logos inside the illuminant surface of a signalling lamp. France Germany |
|
12 Feb 2021
|
UN R48: Proposal for an amendment to the 06, 07 and 08 series of amendments (Germany)
|
GRE/2021/8
|
2021-02-12 |
Proposal to clarify the requirements for the installation of the foremost side-marker lamp of 3 m from the front, which cannot always be achieved in case of semi-trailers. Germany |
|
27 Jul 2022
|
UN R48: Proposal for a new Supplement (Germany)
|
GRE/2022/14
|
2022-07-27 |
Proposal to introduce provisions concerning automated driving systems and driver support features based on terms "driving system" and "driving mode". Germany |
|
1 Oct 2024
|
UN R48: Proposal for a Supplement 6 to the 08 and Supplement 2 to the 09 series of amendments (Germany)
|
GRE/2024/13
|
2024-10-01 |
Proposal to clarify that only light-signalling devices may incorporate an illuminated logo. Germany |
|
4 Feb 2025
|
UN R48: Proposal for a Supplement to the 08 and 09 series of amendments (Germany)
|
GRE/2025/2
|
2025-02-04 |
Proposal to clarify that only light-signalling devices may incorporate an illuminated logo. Germany |
|
25 Apr 2016
|
Draft proposal for Supplement 1 to the 01 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 121 (France, Germany, and Italy)
|
GRSG-110-06
|
2016-04-25 |
Proposal to enable the use of alternate colors (per footnote 18 of Table 1 and in line with ISO Standard 2575) for certain lighting tell-tales in order to indicate light source failures in response to the proposals for light failure indicators under UN Regulations Nos. 7, 48 and 87 (GRE/2016/7, GRE/2016/12 and GRE/2016/17) as adopted by GRE. This proposal anticipates use of the same approach in response to plans for additional failure indication requirements for other lighting regulations.
France Germany Italy |
|
20 Jan 2022
|
UN R48: Ideas for specifying activation of lighting in parking condition (Germany and LTIK)
|
R48.09SIG-04-04
|
2022-01-20 |
Germany LTIK |
|
22 Dec 2014
|
Draft proposal for common administrative provisions under UN Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
SLR-03-02
|
2014-12-22 |
Draft revision of the regulation on the installation of lighting equipment that incorporates the draft proposal for a horizontal reference document covering provisions used across other lighting regulations. Germany |
|
2 Mar 2015
|
Draft UN Regulation No. 48 Parts I and II under the simplifation of lighting regulations framework (Germany)
|
SLR-04-01/Rev.1
|
2015-03-02 |
Germany |
|
2 Mar 2015
|
Simplification of Lighting Regulations: Analysis and Concept (Germany)
|
SLR-04-03/Rev.1
|
2015-03-02 |
Germany |
|
14 Sep 2015
|
SLR informal group simplified UN Regulation No. 48 (Germany)
|
SLR-05-15
|
2015-09-14 |
Germany |
|
6 Nov 2019
|
Requirements for dynamic levelling devices to prevent headlamp glare blinding oncoming road users (BASt and Germany)
|
SLR-34-01
|
2019-11-06 |
This document is also <a href="https://bast.opus.hbz-nrw.de/opus45-bast/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/2167/file/F+129_barrierefr+Internet+PDF.pdf" target="_blank">available in German</a>. BASt Germany |
|
26 Jun 2023
|
SLR: Improving visibility of direction indicators (Germany)
|
SLR-62-08
|
2023-06-26 |
Germany |
|
30 Aug 2023
|
UN R48: Proposal to improve visibility of rearward-facing direction indicators (Germany)
|
SLR-63-06
|
2023-08-30 |
Germany |
|
10 Nov 2023
|
Proposal to improve the visibility of direction indicators (Germany)
|
SLR-64-06/Rev.1
|
2023-11-10 |
Germany |
|
12 Dec 2023
|
Proposal to improve the visibility of Direction Indicators (Germany)
|
SLR-65-08
|
2023-12-12 |
Germany |
|
9 Feb 2024
|
Proposal to improve the visibility of Direction Indicators (Germany)
|
SLR-66-08/Rev.1
|
2024-02-09 |
Germany |
|
7 Feb 2025
|
Technological neutrality proposal for non-replaceable light sources and modules (Germany)
|
SLR-71-02/Rev.1
|
2025-02-07 |
Idea from Germany to simplify the lifetime requirements for non-replaceable light source(s) and non-replaceable light source module(s) given that the lifetime of a LED light source is much higher than the lifetime of a filament lamp. Germany |
|
11 Jul 2025
|
Proposal to improve the visibility of direction indicators (Germany)
|
SLR-73-08/Rev.1
|
2025-07-11 |
Proposal to improve the visibility of direction indicators. The proposal modifies UN R48 and UN R148 requirements for direction indicator lamps grouped with stop lamps. Key changes include: requiring 75% of the rear direction indicator's apparent surface to be more than 25mm from the stop lamp; positioning direction indicators at specified distances from the vehicle's outer edge; and establishing a minimum apparent surface area of 30cm² for rear direction indicators. The justification cites existing installations showing inadequate visibility and references luminance studies supporting the 30cm² minimum area requirement. Germany |
|
9 Apr
|
Direction indicator visibility: Literature review (Germany)
|
SLR-77-02
|
2026-04-09 |
A literature review on direction indicator visibility presents research on vehicle lighting design, visibility, and signalling. Sources include studies on overlapping and interlocking of lights, and dynamic evaluation of automobile rear lighting configurations. Germany |
|
10 Jun
|
Direction indicators and stop lamps: Commonalities and differences in solutions for washout (Germany and OICA)
|
SLR-78-11
|
2026-06-10 |
Germany OICA |
|
7 Dec 2020
|
Headlamp levelling and vertical inclination limits (Germany)
|
SLR-HL-06
|
2020-12-07 |
Germany |