Presentation on University of Duisberg Essen research into acoustic warning signals for electric vehicles.

OICA presentation on its review of feasible specifications currently under discussion among vehicle makers to describe the performance characteristics of an audible signal for quiet vehicles.

Review of current deliberations on key performance characteristics of an audible signal for quiet vehicles.

Chart of third-octave filter bands for use in discussions of audible signals for quiet vehicles.

Tables and figures illustrating relationships between acoustic signals and distance from their sources.

Presentation of the results of an inquiry by the German Federal Highway Research Institute into the perception of acoustic signals by visually impaired pedestrians.

Review of Japan’s work on the development of specifications for an audible warning signal for quiet vehicles.

Frequency/sound pressure graph for use in discussions on audible signals for quiet vehicles.

Presentation highlighting differences between the behaviors and characteristics of two-wheeled electric vehicles and their four-wheel counterparts.