Draft technical specifications establish mandatory ADS marker lamps on motor vehicles of categories M₁–M₃, N₁–N₃, L₆, and L₇, with front and rear lamps mandatory and side lamps mandatory or optional depending on vehicle length. Front lamps require daytime photometry of 50–300 cd and nighttime 10–125 cd; rear lamps require 20–120 cd daytime and 4–42 cd nighttime. Side lamps vary by type. All lamps are blue-green turquoise, mounted at minimum 250 mm height, and activate automatically only in fully automated mode with manual switching prohibited.

Based on AVSR-31-03/Rev.2 and GTBWGSL 7201, this work-in-progress draft proposes a new UN Regulation for ADS Marker Lamps. The proposal applies to vehicles of categories M, N, L₆, L₇, and O. It establishes approval procedures for ADS Marker Lamp components and vehicle installation requirements if fitted on a vehicle (the draft includes a tentative statement that nothing prevents prohibiting the use of ADS marker lamps). Key provisions include luminous intensity requirements with day-time and night-time levels for front (AMF), rear (AMR), and side (AMS) lamps; blue-green colour specifications; approval marking and labelling requirements; geometric visibility angles; electrical connections ensuring automatic activation when automated driving systems perform the dynamic driving task; and conformity of production procedures. Outstanding discussion items requiring guidance include vehicle category applicability, day-time and night-time condition definitions, reciprocal incorporation with direction indicators, alternative roof-mounted lamp options, and specification details for side marker lamp categories. Testing procedures for light sources and automatic switching conditions between day-time and night-time modes are included in annexes.

Proposal to:

• Amend Table 18 to delete maximum values at point 50L and correct minimum values at point 50L to 1,360 cd (20% CoP) and 1,190 cd (30% CoP) and delete the associated note,
• amend Table 21 to delete maximum values at point 50L and correct minimum values at point 50L to 1,360 cd (20% CoP) and 1,190 cd (30% CoP) and delete the associated note,
• amend Table 23 to correct maximum values at Segment 10 to 7,100 cd (0% CoP), 8,520 cd (20% CoP), and 9,230 cd (30% CoP),
• amend Tables 30 and 31 to correct minimum values at point HV to 25,920 cd (20% CoP) and 22,680 cd (30% CoP),
• amend Table 24 to delete the associated note regarding multiplication by 1.4,
• amend Table 28 to correct point BR maximum values to 2.65×10³ cd (0% CoP), 3.18×10³ cd (20% CoP), and 3.45×10³ cd (30% CoP),
• amend Table 29 to correct point BR maximum values to 2.65×10³ cd (0% CoP), 3.18×10³ cd (20% CoP), and 3.45×10³ cd (30% CoP),
• amend Table 35 to correct CoP minimum values at point 2U-V to 1.04×10⁴ cd (20% CoP) and 9.10×10² cd (30% CoP) and at points H-9L and H-9R to 2.16×10³ cd (20% CoP) and 1.89×10³ cd (30% CoP),
• amend Annex 4, para. 1.6.2.1. to correct references to table notes from notes 1 and 7 to notes a and f of Table 7.

The document introduces a supplemental light-signaling devices concept for multiple lamp systems. A master lamp meeting all requirements may be accompanied by one or more supplemental devices without photometric requirements for the supplemental devices. An IM reference number limits the sum of all devices mounted on a vehicle to below 100. Supplemental devices require separate marking. Color, switching, failure, and installation requirements apply to all devices of a function together. The approach permits combining devices from different manufacturers with individual type approvals.

Proposal to add editorial corrections to UN R48 series 06 to 09 based on GRE/2024/21/Rev.1 and WP.29/2025/114. Changes include inserting definitions for direction indicator projector, basic element, and direction indicator projection; adding requirements for direction indicator projections

Proposal to editorially correct approved proposal GRE/2024/21/Rev.1 and WP.29/2025/112. Editorial corrections amend paragraph 1 to include reversing projectors and direction indicator projectors in scope. New paragraph 3.1.2.10 requires drawings showing relative position of direction indicator projector and lamp. Tables 1 and 2 are amended to add reversing projector and direction indicator projector entries.

Survey of Vulnerable Road Users associations on Direction Indicator Projection, Independent third-party research from six countries confirms safety benefits and lack of confusion and analysis shows most VRU collisions occur in urban areas near junctions during vehicle turning.

A 2025 study by TU Darmstadt concluded that a daylight running light passing-beam switching threshold of 500lx is preferable at sunset, and that adaptive DRL values lower than 400cd seem sufficient. The GTB is developing amendment proposals for DRL/low beam switching thresholds, adaptive DRL, and Class V ECO mode. Annual energy saving potentials range from 55 GWh to 141 GWh across evaluated use cases, with highest savings from DRL intensity adaptation and reduced low beam in city nighttime driving.

GTB comments on proposals to restrict lighting options such as band, strip, or illuminated logo. GTB presents findings from a 2025 study by Vrije Universiteit Brussel on daytime running light (DRL) designs, comparing dual and single DRL configurations at different speeds. At 90 km/h no significant difference was found between designs; at 50 km/h dual DRLs showed slightly earlier detection by 30–50 metres (approximately 4 seconds), which researchers considered a perceptual side effect rather than safety-critical. GTB concludes single DRLs provide comparable safety performance to dual DRLs and are viable alternatives. GTB advocates for improved provisions to ensure consistent and harmonised interpretation among Contracting Parties, referencing proposals GRE/2026/6 and GRE/2026/21.

Proposal to amend para. 2.4.10. to define a pair for vehicles of categories M, N and O as one or more lamp(s) extending from left to right-hand side, amend para. 2.4.11. and 2.4.12. to define single and multiple lamps and interdependent lamp systems marked Y, amend para. 5.5. and its sub-paragraphs to establish requirements for paired lamps including symmetry and photometric characteristics, amend para. 5.7.2.2. and 5.7.2.3. to specify installation requirements for single lamps, delete para. 5.7.2.4. concerning positioning and length requirements, amend para. 5.18.2. regarding assembly of lamps marked D, add para. 4.7.3. to UN Regulation No. 148 requiring a pair to contain at least one light source on each side, and amend para. 4.8.1.3. to clarify photometric measurement procedures when lamps use multiple light sources.

Proposal to clarify and modernize lamp installation and component requirements in UN R48 and UN R148:

• Remove the “band/strip” terminology and expand the definition of a pair of lamps to cover full-width designs
• Remove the three-device maximum for Y-lamps to ensure technology neutrality
• Add a new paragraph §5.5.5 defining a pair as a two-lamp system
• Relocate light source requirements from UN R48 to UN R148 §4.7.3 to ensure at least one light source per side
• Remove the 0.8-metre minimum length requirement
• Clarify that definitions in §2.4.10 apply only to the relevant vehicle categories
• Update provisions for light source positioning in UN R148
• Clarify §4.8.1.3 in UN R148
• Add new sampling provisions in §4.8.11 for testing band/strip lamps

Proposal to exclude retro-reflective devices and markings from the requirement of “Red light to the front” and “White light to the rear”.

Proposal to amend para. 5.10.3. to exclude retro-reflective devices, retro-reflective markings, lighting devices fitted for interior lighting, and reversing projections from the requirements for “red light to the front” and “white light to the rear”. The proposal aims to eliminate unnecessary testing burdens on functions that never emit light by themselves and would always meet the emission requirement of less than 0.25 cd by definition. The exemption aligns with Vienna Convention provisions and reflects an original intent from over twenty years prior.

Proposal to introduce selective yellow as an permitted alternative to white for front position lamps and daytime running lamps in UN R48 and UN R148. Studies confirm that selective yellow performs equally to white for oncoming vehicle recognition and speed estimation. Unlike historical filament lamp applications where a yellow filter reduced luminous intensity, modern LEDs achieve the same intensity levels without reduction. Specific amendments include: updating §5.15 to reflect selective yellow options and removing a duplicated front fog lamp requirement; amending §§6.9.7 and 6.19.7 to deactivate selective yellow position and daytime running lamps on the relevant side during direction indicator activation; and aligning UN R148 (01 series) by amending §§5.1.7, 5.4.7 and Annex 1 accordingly. The colour boundaries for selective yellow are already defined in §2.11.1.2 and require no amendment. Further details can be found in informal document GRE-94-05.

Proposal to align the Exterior Courtesy Lamps provisions of the 08 series amendments with those of the 09 series.

Proposal to clarify the 80% failure criterion for Conformity of Production (CoP) checks by confirming that CoP tables represent a simplified subset of the full Class C type-approval measurement points, and to exclude overhead requirements (items S50 and S100 in Tables 6 and 7) from the passing beam failure detection criterion, as these may be fulfilled by position lamps. Further details can be found in informal document GRE-94-08.

Proposal to improve the clarity and structure of Conformity of Production (CoP) requirements for driving beams in UN R149 by following the approach used in UN R123.

Proposal to correct inconsistencies and calculation errors in Conformity of Production (CoP) tables across both series of UN R149, which may otherwise cause confusion for manufacturers and technical services.

In UN R149-00, corrections include: deletion of erroneous maximum values at point 50L in CoP tables for Classes C, V and W Bend Light; correction of miscalculated 20% and 30% CoP minimum values for Classes C and V Bend Light Category 1; correction of the Class W non-bending mode maximum value at Segment 10 and its derived CoP values; and correction of rounding errors in Class R CoP minimum values.

In UN R149-01, corrections include: updating the Class W Bend Light CoP maximum at point BR to align with the type-approval table; correcting miscalculated Class R Bend Lighting CoP values; and fixing table note references in Annex 4 following the introduction of scientific notation in the 01 series.

Further details can be found in informal document GRE-94-10.

Proposal to amend UN R150-01 addressing three main issues. First, since the GRE-adopted proposal to delete the unique identifier (GRE-92-18) was not part of the March 2026 WP.29 submission, the regulation text requires amendment in the interim, though this may become unnecessary if merged with GRE-92-18. Second, the approval marking approach is aligned with UN R148 by including one example in the body text and referencing other arrangements in Annex 10, allowing deletion of the Table 1 reference and redundant ratio explanations from Figure A10-I. Third, the outdated requirement for function symbols to be placed diametrically opposite the approval number — inherited from UN R3 and R7 but already removed in UN R148 — is deleted from Annex 10, along with a clarifying amendment to the note below Figure A10-I to prevent inconsistent interpretations among technical services. Further details can be found in informal document GRE-94-11.

Proposal to introduce new LED light source categories L2 and L3 in R.E.5. Further details can be found in informal document GRE-94-12.

Proposal to amend para. 6.24.9.2. to clarify that approved lamps emitting white light, rear position lamps, parking lamps, side-marker lamps and end-outline marker lamps may be switched ON as exterior courtesy lamps, and that paragraphs 6.24.9.3., 6.24.9.4., and the conditions of paragraphs 5.11. and 5.12. are not applicable to these approved lamps. The clarification confirms that paragraph 6.24.9.2. allows the coexistence and simultaneous operation of approved lamps without re-classifying them as exterior courtesy lamps and without subjecting them to exterior courtesy lamp-specific concealment requirements.

Proposal to amend para. 2.4.10. to expand the definition of a pair to include vehicles of categories M, N and O with one or more lamps extending from left to right; amend para. 2.4.11. and its sub-paragraphs to redefine single and multiple lamps to refer to interdependent lamps marked “Y”; amend para. 2.4.12. to redefine interdependent lamp system and add definition of interdependent lamp marked “Y”; amend para. 5.5. and its sub-paragraphs to add that a pair shall be considered as two lamps and to establish requirements for manufacturer logos; amend para. 5.7.2.2.; amend para. 5.7.2.3.; delete para. 5.7.2.4.; amend para. 5.18.2.; add new para. 4.7.3. to UN Regulation No. 148 to require that a pair containing one or more light emitting surfaces extending from left to right shall contain at least one light source on each side; and amend para. 4.8.1.3. to clarify photometric measurement procedures.

Proposal to:

• Amend para. 3.1.2.1. to renumber sub-paragraphs (a) through (e) as (b) through (f),
• Amend para. 3.1.2.2.(e) and (f) to renumber (e) as (f) and clarify requirements for adjustable reflectors and compliance with para. 4.13.1.,
• Amend para. 3.1.2.2.1.(d)(ii) to clarify that objective luminous flux shall be provided only for passing beam and to add information on electrical interface for electronic light source control gear,
• Amend para. 3.1.2.2.2.(b), (i) and (k)(ii) to remove reference to footnote 2 in para. (b), relocate mounting position requirements from para. 3.1.2.1.(a) to para. 3.1.2.2.2.(i), and add provisions for light source modules and electronic light source control gear,
• Amend para. 3.1.2.2.3. to remove reference to footnote 2,
• Amend para. 4.17. to update referenced paragraphs,
• Amend Annex 5 para. 3.5.1. to delete incorrect citation,
• Revise Annex 14 to delete AFS description form No. 1 and simplify footnote 2 by removing items (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e).

Proposal to amend para. 3.7.1.2.1. of Annex 8 to correct the introductory text of the paragraph, which mistakenly used the 00 series wording in the 01 series of amendments. The correction updates the introductory text to reflect that in the 01 series class D was removed and classes C and V were introduced, whereas the current text includes class D and does not mention classes C and V.

GTB proposes simplifying UN R48 by developing a single CAD-based method to determine apparent surface at early design stages. The proposal deletes the “light-emitting surface” definition and establishes “apparent surface” as the orthogonal projection of visible light-emitting surfaces in a specified observation direction. Amendments include revised definitions for lens, textured outer lens, illuminating surface, and apparent surface, with modified requirements for single lamps with multiple distinct parts. Distance requirements between adjacent parts are adjusted to 75mm or 200mm depending on lamp type.

UN R48 baseline text for a 10 series of amendments proposes uniform provisions for vehicle lighting and light-signalling device installation approval. The document consolidates modifications agreed at working group session through dated amendment documents and resolutions. Pending issues include determining “[any] subsequent series” terminology for frozen regulations, renumbering and cross-checking paragraphs, addressing apparent surface visibility, improving daytime running lamp visibility against stop lamps, resolving “prohibited if not allowed” language, and numbering all figures with titles. Editorial polishing includes standardizing hyphenated terminology (“driving-beam,” “passing-beam,” “retro-reflector,” “direction-indicator lamp”), applying consistent UN Regulation references, replacing “communication sheet” with “communication form,” assigning table and figure numbers consistent with similar regulations, and correcting percentage notation to “per cent.”

Proposal to amend UN R86 on approval markings and testing requirements:

• Delete provisions regarding the Unique Identifier and conditional use of conventional type approval markings from the Introduction
• Amend para. 3.3.1.1. to delete reference to the Unique Identifier
• Amend para. 3.3.1.3. regarding approval marking proportions
• Add new para. 3.3.2.5. requiring a vertical downward arrow for devices with reduced light distribution
• Delete para. 3.3.3. on Unique Identifier entirely
• Renumber para. 3.3.4. as 3.3.3.
• Renumber para. 3.3.5. as 3.3.4. and amend to delete reference to Unique Identifier
• Renumber para. 3.3.6. as 3.3.5. and amend to delete reference to Unique Identifier
• Amend para. 5.1. to include Classes IIIA, IIIB and IVA
• Amend para. 5.1.3.1. regarding heat resistance testing and divide samples into groups for testing Class IA, Class IB, Class IIIA and Class IIIB
• Add new para. 5.1.3.1.2. for Class IVA testing
• Amend para. 5.1.7. to create separate Tables 4 and 5 for chronological order of tests for Classes IA, IB, IIIA, IIIB and Class IVA respectively
• Amend para. 5.2.3.3. to reference Part 1 of Annex 6 and paragraphs 5.2.5. and 5.2.6.
• Amend para. 5.2.5.1.1. regarding coefficient of retro-reflection measurement
• Delete para. 5.2.5.2.1. entirely
• Amend para. 5.2.6.3. to include colour requirements and insert Table 8
• Amend para. 5.2.6.4. regarding luminance factor
• Renumber Tables 8, 9 and 10 as Tables 9, 10 and 11
• Amend para. 5.3.5.2.2. to reference Table 11
• Amend Annex 1 Item 5. and delete reference to Unique Identifier in Item 10
• Amend Annex 5 para. 8.1.4. to correct cross-reference to para. 5.3.4.2.1.
• Amend Annex 6 Part 2 para. 1.3.2. to reference para. 5.2.5.1.
• Amend Annex 6 Part 2 para. 2.1.3. to correct paragraph references
• Amend Annex 6 Part 4 para. 4.2. to reference Table 6 only
• Insert new Part 7 in Annex 6 on colour-fastness for Classes IA, IB, IIIA, IIIB and IVA
• Amend Figure A10-I to clarify marking arrangement rules and delete the diametrically opposite requirement

This baseline draft for UN R48 (10 series of amendments) establishes uniform provisions for vehicle lighting and light-signalling device installation. The document reflects all modifications agreed at GRE-94 and incorporates an updated proposal from IEC regarding technological neutrality for LS devices. Key additions include provisions for work lamps to be included after formal WP.29 adoption in June 2026, updated tables for positioning and geometric visibility angles (Annexes 18–19), and revised terminology replacing “dipped-beam/main-beam” with “passing-beam/driving-beam” throughout. Open points address apparent surface visibility against stop lamps and consistency with IWVTA transitional provisions, with transitional provisions for the 10 series specifying acceptance dates and phase-in periods to be finalized.

The document addresses simplification of the definition of “apparent surface” and single lamp distance requirements in UN R48. It presents a new CAD-based concept defining apparent surface using light emitting surface with clear outer lens disregarded. The document notes that current regulation allows multiple ways to define apparent surface resulting in different distances, with existing approvals having distances significantly larger than 75mm between distinct parts without known safety issues. GTB agrees on simplifying the apparent surface definition to describe function contours as seen by road users, while acknowledging this should not restrict possible designs. The document references a 1999 INF Milano study concluding symmetric appearance is relevant for vehicle identification and larger distances are acceptable for symmetric compared to asymmetric constellations.

This document is a baseline for UN Regulation 48 (Stage 2/Step 2) concerning vehicle lighting and light-signalling devices. It incorporates all amendments from multiple series and includes provisions for adaptive front-lighting systems (AFS), driver assistance projections, reversing projections, direction-indicator projections, and automated driving system (ADS) features. The regulation establishes requirements for the design, installation, and operation of lighting devices on vehicles of categories M, N, and O, with comprehensive specifications for individual lamp types, geometric visibility angles, electrical connections, and tell-tale requirements. It includes transitional provisions allowing approvals under preceding series while establishing phased implementation timelines for new requirements.

This document discusses single lamp distance requirements in context of Apparent Surface simplification pursuant to discussions with Contracting Parties. The current 75mm separation value was not based on studies but on considerations. A 1999 IENGF Milano study concluded that larger distances are acceptable for symmetric constellations, with AFS lighting units spaced up to 200mm. A minimum 600mm separation is mandatory if right and left mounted functional unit identification is required. No evidence of increased accident risk, misidentification of signal, reduced conspicuity, or regulatory enforcement issues from current single lamp separation distances exists. The simplified CAD-based Apparent Surface concept will be based on light emitting surface with clear outer lens disregarded. GTB suspended work on this topic due to insufficient consensus and difficult stakeholder alignment, pending additional information on single lamp separation distance.

The GTB Glare Task Force defined countermeasures for critical glare types, categorizing them as Regulation, Technology, Individual, or Workshop measures. Proposed solutions address specific glare sources including climbing roads, left bends, high beam misuse, and vehicle acceleration. Countermeasures range from short-term driver education to long-term mandatory technologies. Future work includes quantifying effectiveness and addressing less critical glare events.

GTB comments to draft list of recommendations for GRE based on TFGP-08-06 assess glare prevention measures across effectiveness categories. Recommendations include introducing adaptive cut-off lines, motorway ADB, dynamic adaptive low beam, and improving ADB requirements for latency and vehicle detection. GTB ranks headlamp cleaning devices and maximum intensity output as low effectiveness. PTI-related items include clarifying practical aspects, defining uniform requirements for floor evenness and headlamp aiming devices, and improving coordination between type approval and inspection requirements. General considerations address driver awareness and manual overrides. Knowledge gaps concern aiming differences and alignment degradation.

Proposal to add one line to the Status table introducing new LED light source categories L2 and L3, amend para. 3.3. Group 1 to include categories L2 and L3, amend Annex 3 List of sheets to include L2/1 to 6 and L3/1 to 6, and insert new sheets L2/1 to 6 and L3/1 to 6 specifying essential electrical and photometric characteristics, electrical connector details, bin code resistor values, screen projection requirements, and normalized luminous intensity distribution for both new LED light source categories.