The IWG on AI will hold its 9th session on June 3–4, 2026 in London. The agenda includes adoption of the agenda and brief report of the 8th session (AI-09-01), consideration of AI use cases, literature review and terms & definitions proposals, guiding questions for WP.29 submission, and discussion of the consolidated draft reference document. The IWG will receive presentations from stakeholders on AI use in the automotive sector and discuss future meetings and work direction beyond the initial mandate.

The 8th session of the IWG on AI convened on 24 April 2026. Experts discussed AI use cases, including support for dividing driver and occupant assessment systems and objection to inclusion of adaptive front lighting systems. The chair directed production of draft text on connections between AI risks and use cases. The secretariat was directed to reinstate definitions for transformer architecture and convolutional neural network. Experts reviewed literature, guiding questions, and AI risks and management practices. The chair directed production of an updated consolidated draft with tables for AI risks and illustrative practices for AI risk management. The 9th session is scheduled for 3–4 June 2026 in London.

The document presents a consolidated list of artificial intelligence use cases in regulated automotive safety systems, aligning with ECE/TRANS/WP.29/1182 and incorporating input from IWG on AI sessions 2–8, including contributions AI-02-04, AI-02-05, AI-06-06, AI-09-03, and AI-09-06. High priority driving function use cases include perception, planning and motion-control systems. Non-driving function use cases include driver and occupant assessment systems, and vehicle component monitoring systems. Lower priority use cases address AI in periodic technical inspection and cybersecurity, as discussed in sessions referencing AI-06-09 and AI-06-12.

This document provides a consolidated list of contributions by the IWG on AI experts to the literature review activity. References are organized by type: Standards including ASPICE 4.0, IEEE standards on robustness testing, algorithmic bias, and organizational governance of AI, ISO standards on safety of intended functionality, functional safety, AI concepts and terminology, ethical considerations, AI management systems, functional safety and AI systems, road vehicle safety and AI, cybersecurity engineering, and safety for automated driving systems, SAE standards on levels of driving automation, AI data, and AI use cases, and UL4600; Policy Papers and Research Articles addressing testing autonomous vehicles, trustworthy AI, ethics of connected and automated vehicles, and safety effectiveness; Terminology Databases including IEC Electropedia and ISO Online Browsing Platform; and Regulations including Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI, EU AI Act, UN Regulation No. 155 on cybersecurity, and UN Regulation No. 156 on software updates.

This document updates terminology and definitions for the WP.29 Informal Working Group on Artificial Intelligence, amending AI-01-02/rev.2 as presented at the IWG’s second session. It compiles technical terms for AI in regulated automotive safety systems across four sections: Fundamental AI Concepts & Terminology, AI Methods & Models, AI Characteristics, and Data-Related Concepts & Terminology. Definitions draw from ECE/TRANS/WP.29/1182 and ECE/TRANS/WP.29/1186, among other sources, and are arranged as a living reference document supporting harmonization of AI practices for road vehicles. The document introduces new terms including Convolutional Neural Network, Neural Network, and Transformer, alongside established definitions such as Machine Learning, Generative AI, and Trustworthiness.

This initial consolidate draft reference document for artificial intelligence in regulated automotive safety systems, based on WP.29-195-20, AI-07-08, AI-07-11, AI-07-09, AI-07-10, and AI-07-12, establishes AI use cases and identifies potential risks across the AI lifecycle. The document addresses driving functions including perception, planning and motion control, and end-to-end systems, as well as non-driving functions such as driver assessment and occupant monitoring. It presents six major AI lifecycle risk categories: whole system risks including insufficient documentation and governance; specification risks such as improper definition of intended use; model and training risks including blackbox behaviour and lack of robustness; data management risks such as data poisoning and distribution shift; verification and validation risks including insufficient test coverage; and operational risks including concept drift and limited failure detection. Illustrative risk management practices drawn from standards, research, and regulations are provided for each identified risk to support manufacturers, suppliers, and approval authorities.

Proposal to insert recommended requirements for AI implementation in regulated automotive safety systems based on AI-08-08, AI-06-11, and AI-04-09 documents. The recommended requirements address identification and classification of risk levels, derivation processes for general and AI-specific requirements, requirements regarding datasets, definition of test criteria and thresholds, iterative evaluation processes, and continuous processes throughout vehicle lifetime. Safety measures for AI systems must be implemented with severity appropriate to potential risks, with gap analysis conducted against design specifications to identify AI-specific risks not covered by existing standards.

For consideration in section 3 of AI-09-06, consolidated draft/initial output for a reference document, proposal to add inspectability of AI-enabled regulated systems throughout operational life, including lifecycle compliance verification through PTI and in-service monitoring activities with standardized access to diagnostic information, software version verification, AI safety status indicators, event logs, sensor calibration status, ADAS calibration verification, and system health monitoring functions, and to add use of AI by inspection authorities including AI-assisted brake condition analysis, tyre wear analysis, emissions anomaly detection, automated lighting inspection, vehicle structural anomaly detection, computer vision for exterior and underbody inspection, and aggregated analysis of in-service defect patterns.

France supports retaining risks 3.5 (unreliable uncertainty estimation) and 6.1 (adversarial input manipulation) in Table 1. France favours secretarial text for mitigations 3.1 (blackbox behaviour), 3.2 (lack of robustness), and 3.4 (model over/underfitting) in Table 2. In Annex I, para. 11 addressing lack of robustness, France favours deleting the industry proposal on explanation of mitigations, pending merger with the mitigations table subject to level of detail determination.

This document presents AAPC comments on AI-09-06, a consolidated reference document on artificial intelligence in regulated automotive safety systems. The proposed structure consolidates AI uses, use cases, and risk management into single chapters supported by annexes containing tables and bibliographies. The document should support future regulatory deliberations without pre-empting regulatory requirements, presenting factual statements in neutral language. Considerations should address risks not captured by conventional testing. Examples to illustrate system-specific aspects that impact whether the application of AI presents new concerns and determines the nature of responses include predictive window defogging, predictive vehicle maintenance, and AI vehicle knowledge systems.

Comments on the draft consolidated reference document for AI use in regulated automotive safety systems. The comments propose editorial changes to the introduction; minor editorial modifications; and substantive contributions to AI use cases in driving functions (section 3.2) and non-driving functions (section 3.3). Canada’s contributions include additions to risk descriptions such as lack of resilience, regression or catastrophic forgetting, bias as systematic performance disparities, and degradation of AI safety processes over time; expanded guidance on risk management practices with specific automotive examples; and clarification of verification, validation, data management, and operational monitoring requirements aligned with existing standards including ISO 26262, ISO 21448, ISO 23894, and UN Regulations 155 and 156.

Proposals for revisions to Section I including highlighted deletions, addition of two paragraphs (2.3, 2.4) in Section II with a request to add safety benefits to para. 2.6, editorial requests for text placement in Section III introducing use case content, small editorial proposals in Section IV’s introduction, merging of whole lifecycle and organizational risks, removal of para. 4.6 (systematic performance disparities) in favour of para. 4.5, revision of para. 6.2 (concept drift), removal or moving of para. 6.5 to whole lifecycle risks, and substantive suggestions in Section V for deletion, merging and restructuring of Table 2 with standard and title references only. Annex 1 critiques the need for extended descriptions.