Published report by TRL/ECORYS under a contract from the European Commission to assess the expected impact (cost/benefit) of the proposals for global technical regulations to address fuel-efficiency, emissions, and related performance characteristics of motorcycles and related L-category vehicles.

European Commission working draft for a GTR to evaluate the propulsion performance of two- and three-wheeled light vehicles:

• maximum design vehicle speed; a test procedure comprising of repeated test runs over a defined distance on a test track or road to determine the maximum speed a vehicle is able to attain under standard conditions;
• net torque, net power; test procedures comprising of dynamometer runs at full load operation with measurements over a range of combustion engine and/or electric motor speeds to determine the maximum power and torque curves of the propulsion units;
• maximum thirty minutes power: test procedure comprising of a test run at a constant power over thirty minutes to determine the maximum power an electric powertrain is able to produce over a thirty minutes period;
• maximum continuous rated power, switch-off distance and maximum assistance factor: test procedure for light vehicles designed to pedal comprising of test runs on a test bench with measurements to determine the maximum continuous rated power, the driving distance with motor assistance after stopping to pedal (switch-off distance) and the maximum ratio of motor power to rider input power (assistance factor).