Summary of “Euro NCAP Technical Bulletin CA 101 – Crash Avoidance” for consideration in the context of UN R152.

Analysis of pedestrian accident data from the GIDAS database (accident years 2005 onwards) comparing day and night situations across crossing and along-carriageway scenarios. Night situations show higher fatality rates than day situations. Data presented for crossing scenarios with and without obstruction, at junctions, and along straight roads, with documented cases from pure car-to-pedestrian constellations.

This document addresses terminology inconsistencies in UN R11 regarding emergency door opening. It proposes consistent use of entry or exit and occupant(s) versus passenger(s) in amendments without editorial changes to existing parts. Step-by-step checks of all parts of UN R11 are proposed for locking device terminology and latch release control terminology, with definitions for latch release control and door handle already available. For power supply terminology, a definition is needed, while power loss terminology should be retained.

GIDAS data analysis examined abdominal injuries in car crashes from 2005–2025. Case selection included passenger cars registered 2005–2025, occupants over 11 years old, belted, with at least AIS 1 in AIS15REG5. The study analyzed 234 cars with 248 occupants sustaining abdominal injuries. Frontal impacts accounted for 71%, rear impacts 12%, left side impacts 10%, and right side impacts 8% of cases. Analysis examined injury distribution across AIS levels, gender, age, height, weight, delta V, seating position, and specific abdominal injuries.

Analysis of door opening warning systems (DOWS) fitted in 150 independently rated Euro NCAP models from 2023–2026. DOWS is offered in 87% of models (67% as standard, 19% as option), with 13% unavailable. Systems vary widely in capability, from information-only functions to door retention, with some not enabled by default. Harmonised minimum requirements aligned with the Euro NCAP dooring test would build on systems already on the market.

Y-category vehicles are equipped with an Automated Driving System and not designed to carry occupants. They may develop aggressive front structures that could harm passenger cars in accidents. The proposal introduces the Occupant Load Criterium (OLC), derived from velocity-time graphs in crash tests, as a compatibility assessment criterion. OLC multiplied by vehicle mass indicates impact aggressivity. Data from ODB tests show OLC values range from approximately 22 to 35 g across various vehicles. The proposal suggests using a maximum OLC × mass value to prevent excessively aggressive vehicle front structures while keeping current passenger car designs unaffected.

Based on GRVA-25-08, the document addresses blind spot accidents involving right-turning trucks and bicycles. It distinguishes between warning systems requiring driver reaction time and automatic brake intervention systems. The document notes that information systems with low intensity have low annoyance and low risk of deactivation, while high-intensity warnings risk driver annoyance and deactivation. It describes a specific scenario at approximately 15 km/h where a truck brakes after a turn has started with a bicycle detected at high confidence. The document indicates that next steps in safety regarding blind spot accidents should involve automatic brake intervention and suggests future discussion of UN R151 in GRVA.

A study of 24 professional truck drivers investigated how drowsiness develops during real-road driving to test a DDAW system. At night, 17 of 24 drivers reached a KSS level of 8, with average time to reach KSS 8 being 56 minutes. Ten drivers chose to stop or were requested to stop in the sleep-deprived condition. A DDAW recording window of 600 s would fail to capture information relevant to the EDR, whereas time windows of up to one hour could provide important indications of increased driver fatigue.

Proposal to increase yaw rate recording frequency to 10 Hz. Yaw-rate data recorded at 2 Hz corresponds to one measurement every 500 ms; increasing to 10 Hz provides a measurement every 100 ms, resulting in a fivefold improvement in temporal resolution. This enhancement significantly improves ability to reconstruct pre-crash vehicle dynamics, identify vehicle instability onset and progression, and evaluate Electronic Stability Control functionality. A yaw-rate recording frequency of at least 10 Hz reduces temporal uncertainty from 500 ms to 100 ms and enables more accurate reconstruction of loss-of-control events, vehicle rotation, ESC interventions, and driving dynamical issues.