In 2011 a particle number (PN) limit was introduced in the European Union’s vehicle exhaust legislation for diesel passenger cars. The PN method requires measurement of solid particles (i.e. those that do not evaporate at 350 °C) with diameters above 23 nm. In 2013 the same approach was introduced for heavy duty engines and in 2014 for gasoline direct injection vehicles. This decision was based on a long evaluation that concluded that there is no significant sub-23 nm fraction for these technologies. This SAE paper (2015-24-2512) examines the suitability of this PN method for L-category vehicles (two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadri-cycles).

Barouch Giechaskiel, Alessandro Zardini, and Giorgio Martini (EC Joint Research Centre) SAE paper examining the suitability of current EU particle number methods for application to motorcycle-type vehicles.

Update on the Euro 5 effect study initiated to validate the emissions requirements established by Regulation EU No. 168/2013 and Regulation EU No. 134/2014, evaluate the air quality and share of pollutants contributed by L-category vehicles (under test types I to VIII), and assess the feasibility of further post-Euro 5 development of off-cycle emissions and particle number testing and in-service verification requirements.

Review of conclusions from the first phase of the Euro 5 Effect Study.

Presentation on result from the Green eMotion (GeM) project.

Preliminary studies for EVE Low Temperature Task Force

Information from the JRC Transport Technology and Mobility Assessment Platform (TEMA) research.

Breakout group presentation from EC-JRC.

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Follow-up of the JRC activities in support to EVE IWG “in-vehicle battery durability” topic:

• Exploring and integrating new cell chemistry models into JRC TEMA, and
• Exploring a simplified battery thermal model as follow up NRC exchanges.

UN GTR No. 25 addresses minimum performance requirements, lifetime requirements, and metrics for heavy-duty vehicles. Lifetime requirements are 12 years and 700,000 km or 15 years and 875,000 km for Category 1-2 vehicles exceeding 7.5 tonnes and Category 2 vehicles exceeding 16 tonnes. An optional annex proposes different metrics including years, kilometres whichever comes first, and energy throughput in monitoring. Capacity retention requirements for N₃ vehicles exceeding 16 tonnes are specified at 12 years and 700,000 km and at 15 years and 875,000 km.

The presentation reports results from performance-based models for electric passenger vehicles and electric vans, analyzing capacity retention and capacity fade at 5, 8, and 10 years and at 100,000 km, 160,000 km, and 200,000 km driving distances. Results show capacity retention exceeding 60 per cent at 10 years and 200,000 km for vans with Li-Ion NCM-LMO (2015) battery technology, and exceeding 65 per cent for battery electric vehicles under the same conditions.

This presentation summarizes EU-Commission JRC contributions to the EVE IWG regarding light-duty vehicle data for minimum performance requirements based on EVE-30-12, EVE-34-16, EVE-41-03, EVE-96-06, EVE-32-13e, EVE-74-21, and EVE-88-22. It compares JRC TEMA ageing predictions with real-world field data from multiple sources including Geotab analysis of over 22,700 electric vehicles showing average annual degradation of 2.3%, Tesla data indicating approximately 1% degradation per 40,000 km, Nissan Leaf data from Flip The Fleet comprising 2,311 vehicles, and experimental data from Canada on Tesla Model S and truck batteries. Key findings include that high-power DC fast charging causes degradation rates up to twice that of low-power charging, hot climates increase degradation 0.4% annually, and high mileage vehicles demonstrate cumulative calendar and cycle ageing effects while generally meeting GTR 22 battery energy retention requirements of 80% at five years and 100,000 km.

Presentation on the Institute for Energy and Transport of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre and its involvement with electric vehicle-related research and development.

Presentation on European Union activities in support of electric vehicle research and development, including US-EU coordination to promote ‘transatlantic’ compatibility.