Barouch Giechaskiel, Alessandro Zardini, and Giorgio Martini (EC Joint Research Centre) SAE paper examining the suitability of current EU particle number methods for application to motorcycle-type vehicles.

Update on the Euro 5 effect study initiated to validate the emissions requirements established by Regulation EU No. 168/2013 and Regulation EU No. 134/2014, evaluate the air quality and share of pollutants contributed by L-category vehicles (under test types I to VIII), and assess the feasibility of further post-Euro 5 development of off-cycle emissions and particle number testing and in-service verification requirements.