1. The Working Party on Pollution and Energy (GRPE) held its eighty-eighth session from 12 to 13 April 2023, with André Rijnders (Netherlands) as Chair and Duncan Kay (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) as Vice-Chair. Experts from the following countries participated in the work following Rule 1(a) of the Rules of Procedure of the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) (TRANS/WP.29/690, as amended): China, France, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Republic of Korea, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). Experts from the European Commission (EC) also participated. Experts from the following non-governmental organizations (NGOs) took part in the session: Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst (AECC), European Association for Electromobility (AVERE), European Association of Automobile Suppliers (CLEPA/MEMA/JAPIA), European Association of Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers (EUROMOT), European Natural Gas Vehicle Association (NGVA Europe), International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), International Motorcycle Manufacturers Association (IMMA), International Motor Vehicle Inspection Committee (CITA), and International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA).