52. The expert from Japan presented GRPE-75-15 on the future policy for motor vehicle emission reduction in his country. He gave an overview of the report to the Minister of the Environment by the Central Environment Council on 31 May 2017. In his presentation, he covered measures to reduce: (i) fuel evaporative emissions, (ii) Particulate Matter (PM) emissions from gasoline direct injection vehicles, and (iii) two-wheeled vehicle emissions. He also addressed future issues for discussion.

53. The Chair of GRPE welcomed the presentation and invited Contracting Parties to continue this exercise of exchange of information on emissions requirements in the next sessions.

Presentation on Japanese vehicle noise activities, including alignment with UN Regulations and subsequent abolition of certain current Japanese regulatory requirements (e.g. cruising noise, etc.).

16. The expert from China briefed GRB on the activities of the China vehicle noise standards working group (GRB-62-10). The experts from Japan informed GRB about the trends of noise regulation in Japan and gave an overview of the future policy for motor vehicle noise reduction (GRB-62-13-Rev.1 and GRB-62-12, respectively). The expert of ISO reported on the activities of his organization on interior noise, with the aim to review ISO 5128 (GRB-62-07). GRB took note of these presentations and felt that some of the issues raised could be included in the programme of work of GRB (see para. 27 below).

Presentation on Japanese plans for the integration of WLTP into national legislation.

19. On behalf of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan, the expert from Japan presented GRPE-71-15 on the transposition of the UN GTR on WLTP into national legislation as a test procedure and on setting permissible exhaust emission limit levels for the next term.

Revised Japanese presentation of proposals for the scope of the global technical regulation on motorcycle crankcase and evaporative emissions and proposals for changes to the draft test specifications.

Japanese government position and recommendations for the proposed global technical regulation for motorcycle on-board diagnostic systems.

Japanese presentation of proposals for the scope of the global technical regulation on motorcycle crankcase and evaporative emissions and proposals for changes to the draft test specifications.

Revised presentation of Japanese regulatory plans and views on the working draft of a possible global technical regulation concerning on-board diagnostic systems for L-category vehicles (mopeds, motorcycles and derivatives).

Presentation of Japanese regulatory plans and views on the working draft of a possible global technical regulation concerning on-board diagnostic systems for L-category vehicles (mopeds, motorcycles and derivatives).

Japan presented document EPPR-03-04e:

• Domestic EVAP and OBD draft regulations for L3 vehicles are to be finalized by end of 2013. As such, Japan suggests to put priority on EVAP and OBD in the EPPR working group.
• Japan suggested having a detailed discussion in the next meeting in India. Japan outlined a draft EVAP test flow, indicating identified points for discussion.
• For OBD, Japan will report at next meeting.

The chairman confirmed EVAP and OBD are highest priority for the group.

Summary of the Future Emission Reduction
Measures for Motorcycles from the Future Policy for Motor Vehicle Emission Reduction (The 11th Report) and Current Discussion in Japan

Document EPPR-02-04 and EPPR-02-09 were presented by Japan.

Document EPPR-02-04 provides an update of the Future Emission Reduction Measures for Motorcycles.

Document EPPR-02-09 explains how 2-, 3- and 4-wheel vehicles are categorized and tested for pollutant emissions in Japan.

Although the emission regulation of the 2006 Standard is applied, the amount of HC and CO emissions per distance travelled is still much higher than those of four‐wheeled vehicles.

Although the tailpipe emission standard has been implemented for the first time in 1998 and then reinforced in 2006, the relative contribution of evaporative gas within the emission has been higher.

It is important to control the amount of emission through monitoring the in‐use malfunction of emission reduction systems.

Considering the new EURO 4 becoming effective from 2016 and allowing adequate time for due technological development by motorcycle manufacturers, it is considered appropriate that application of new regulation in Japan occurs by the end of 2016. Japan explained that new regulation will apply by the end of 2016 for new type approvals by end of 2016, but the mandatory date for all new vehicles (‘current production’/registration) was not decided yet.

The motorcycle evaporative emission regulation is modeled after the CA Evaporative Emission Test, with the permissible limit of 2.0 g/test.

With regards to the reference to the regulation in California for evaporative emissions, TLR asked whether Japan meant the current or future regulation. Japan confirmed they meant current regulation.

For Japan the OBD equipment that monitors malfunctions caused by a short‐circuit or open electric circuits is now mandated. The implementation will occur by the end of 2016.

Regarding the OBD II that monitors malfunctions caused by deterioration of systems, components or units, it is difficult to determine the validity at this point and will be considered once the technical prospect is confirmed in the future.

It was explained that Japan would like EPPR to give priority to L3, evaporative emissions and OBD.

To a question by India and TRL, Japan explained that L7-vehicles would need to be tested in their country according to cycle for cars (JC07/WLTP).

Presentation entitled “Summary of the Future Emission Reduction Measures for Motorcycles from The Future Policy for Motor Vehicle Emission Reduction”.

- Presentation made by Andrew Nathanson, ECORYS/TRL and informed of the questionnaire that had been set-up. To get the link for the questionnaire, contact: int-l-cat-leg@trl.co.uk.
- The chairman welcomed this work and assumed this would become important for the group.
- India asked what the EC meant by ‘global harmonization of testing equipment’ and what was the purpose of this, and added regional test equipment should not be restricted by this.
- EC explained that they want to harmonize equipment for Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles. As example EC mentioned the reference temperature, even if this may not be a big issue because you can re-calculate it, it may lead to confusion and errors.
- Korea and India noted that the information shown by TRL at slide no. 15 contained a mistake and would give the correct information on legislative bodies involved in regulations in their countries.
- The chairman invited all CPs and stakeholders of the group to respond to the questionnaire as this will bring important input to the work of the EPPR group.

Presentation by Japan-MoE
- Japan stated that their expectations had been to amend limit values, prepare for regulations (evap emissions and OBD) to be developed by the IG.
- EC saw several elements that were open for harmonization;
- EC informed that in EU they are putting OBD out of the environmental scope by including safety. As such, EC saw a central role for OBD more fast and efficient vehicle repair, by setting a flag for both environmental and safety problems.

Japanese Ministry of the Environment presentation on emissions policy objectives for motorcycles, heavy-duty vehicles, and NRMM.

72. The expert from Sweden introduced GRPE-65-06, containing information on the introduction of the possibility for national type approval of retrofit emission control system for heavy duty vehicles. The use of these type approved retrofit systems is limited to vehicles designed and approved up to the euro III emission standard (namely city buses) and enables the reduction of pollutant emissions (95 per cent for particles, and 70 per cent for NOX). The effective control the retrofit system shall include indication to the driver if the reduction ratio for NOX is below 50 per cent and if the reagent level in the tank falls below 10 per cent. Replying to a question from the expert from Switzerland, he clarified that the possibility to use vehicles in environmental zones is the main incentive to retrofit them.

73. The expert from Japan introduced GRPE-65-14, containing a summary of the future Japanese policy on motor vehicle emission reduction. He provided details on future emission reduction measures for motorcycles, heavy duty diesel motor vehicles and special motor vehicles (such as non-road mobile machinery) powered by diesel fuel. Speaking about emission reduction from heavy duty diesel vehicles, he specified that the focus will be on the improvement of durability and reliability of NOX after treatment devices and on the use of off-cycle emission measurement. He also elaborated on tailpipe emission reduction measures, current technologies and challenges. Following requests from the expert from the United States and India, he clarified the approach adopted on the measurement of opacity and provided information on Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) on heavy duty vehicles.

74. The expert from the Russian Federation introduced GRPE-65-20, containing an analysis, based on studies carried out in the USA and the Russian Federation, on the role of tyre dust with respect to air pollution and health impacts. He invited GRPE participants to share information on the subject and called for the consideration of regulatory action on it.

75. GRPE welcomed the presentation by the experts from Japan, the Russian Federation and Sweden and noted the efforts undertaken in the fields addressed. Agreeing with the suggestion of the expert from Switzerland, GRPE recommended forwarding the document GRPE-65-20 to the Working Party on Braking and Running Gear (GRRF).

24. The expert from Japan introduced GRB-56-18 providing an overview of the current framework of vehicle noise regulation in his country. Upon the suggestion of the GRB Chair, it was agreed to continue an exchange of information on the basis of data concerning noise values declared by manufacturers for each different tyre classes.

Japanese Ministry of the Environment presentation concerning the status of work on new motorcycle noise and tire rolling noise regulations.

20. The expert from Japan introduced GRB-55-13, showing the schedule of introduction in his country of new requirements for improved noise control of vehicles and motorcycles. GRB agreed to resume consideration on this matter at its next session and expected to receive information on similar initiatives in progress in other countries.