Report on the 95th GRPE session presenting progress updates for UN GTR No. 21 (Determination of Electrified Vehicle Power), UN GTR No. 22 (In-vehicle Battery Durability for Electrified Light-Duty Vehicles), and UN GTR No. 25 (In-vehicle Battery Durability for Electrified Heavy-Duty Vehicles). The IWG on EVE reported on Phase 4 objectives and amendments for GTR 21 and 22, with consideration targets of March 2028, and Phase 3 amendments for GTR 25 with consideration target of March 2027. Future work includes investigations into charging power curves, development of a new WP.29 resolution on DC Fast Charge Power Curve performance, and an inventory on harmonization of recharging capabilities.

Proposal to amend UN GTR No. 25 by modifying requirements for State-of-Certified Energy (SOCE) monitors, battery performance requirements, in-use verification procedures for Parts A, B, and C, and related test procedures and annexes. The GTR establishes harmonised methods to determine in-vehicle battery durability performance of Heavy-Duty Pure Electric Vehicles (HD-PEVs) and Heavy-Duty Off-Vehicle Charging Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HD-OVC-HEVs) of categories 1-2 and 2 exceeding 3,855 kg technically permissible maximum laden mass. The document includes tracked changes to Amendment 1 (WP.29/2026/209), with sections subject to discussion or decision indicated in square brackets and strikethrough text denoting proposed deletions.

Proposal to amend para. 1.1.3. of Annex C1 to clarify that the method for customer values shall be determined in agreement with the authorities only in the case that the specified methods are not applied, and amend paras. 2.1.2. and 3.1.2. of Annex C1 Appendix 2 to correct the technical error in the determination of UBEcertified by specifying that UBEcertified shall be rounded to the nearest whole number if the unit is Wh or to three significant numbers if the unit is kWh, and when the interpolation method is applied, UBEcertified shall be determined by selecting the maximum amongst vehicle H and vehicle L, and if applicable, vehicle M.

Proposal to amend para. 3.1.2. of Annex 5 to clarify the verification procedure for SOCR/SOCE monitors by specifying that electric range and UBE values shall be measured at the time of verification with related monitor values collected before and after the verification test procedure, that indicator values collected after the verification test procedure shall not be considered in Part A verification, and that measured SOCR and measured SOCE values shall be determined by dividing measured values for electric range and UBE by certified values for electric range and UBE respectively, expressed in per cent.

Proposal to add para. 8.1.2. to specify required measurements for test vehicles, including use of onboard measurement data as an alternative to measurement devices for engine speed, intake manifold pressure, and fuel flow rate when accuracy and frequency meet minimum requirements, and to add para. 8.1.2.1. to specify measurements specific to TP1 including electrical current and voltage at REESS or inverter inputs and ICE speed, intake manifold pressure, and fuel flow rate.

Proposal to amend UN GTR No. 24 by modifying test procedures, definitions, and requirements for brake particle emissions measurement. The amendment introduces improvements including revised definitions (vehicle electrification type, material formulation, pad size), updated measurement tolerances and signal filtering requirements, provisions for brake filtering systems, enhanced specifications for drum and electromechanical brake systems, relaxed cooling airflow adjustment requirements, and a new test cycle for speed-limited vehicles. Documentation of calibration requirements and ongoing quality controls are clarified throughout.

The document authorizes development of a new UN GTR on brake PM and PN emissions from all types of light-duty vehicle brake systems, including validation of the developed novel WLTP-Brake test cycle, investigation and selection of instrumentation and sampling methodology for brake wear particles, definition of minimum requirements for sampling, validation through interlaboratory study, inclusion of regenerative braking, and preparation of the PMP Brake protocol. It also reports on Amendment 2 to UN GTR No. 24 covering laboratory measurement of brake emissions for light-duty vehicles, detailing hardware requirements, test cycle specifications, cooling air conditioning, bedding procedures, and emissions measurement methodologies for particulate matter and particle number.

Status report on the EV/HFCV Retrofit Systems IWG activities. The group held six meetings since the last GRPE session and is currently focused on the EV part, with HFCV-specific issues deferred to a future series of amendments. Key discussion items include scope definition with agreement to exclude vehicles holding approvals according to UN R155 and UN R156, definition of Electric Powertrain Retrofit System, vehicle family notion, and type of EPRS. Experts from different GRs participate in discussions on electrical safety, EMC, braking, cybersecurity, and power determination. Benchmarking of existing national requirements for EV retrofit activities is ongoing. Regulation drafting continues on scope and type definition, with demonstrations of retrofitted vehicles expected at the 200th WP.29 session in November 2026.

Draft UN Regulation establishing uniform provisions for type approval of electric powertrain retrofit systems (EPRS) for converting vehicles of categories M₁–M₃ and N₁–N₃ to full electric propulsion. Specifies approval procedures, application documentation, marking requirements, and technical specifications. Requires compliance with applicable UN Regulations including UN R10, UN R13, UN R100, and others depending on vehicle modifications. Defines roles of EPRS manufacturers and authorized installers. Includes transitional provisions for rechargeable energy storage system compliance: compliance with UN R100.03 required from entry into force to 31 August 2029, UN R100.05 from 1 September 2029. Covers conformity of production, modification and extension of approvals, and withdrawal procedures.

Report on the Task Force on Tyre Abrasion’s work from February to October 2026. Foundational methodologies for C1 tyres were adopted and incorporated into a new UN Regulation 186 on tyre abrasion, with a two-stage implementation approach requiring new tyre type approvals from 30 June 2028 and mandatory approval from 30 June 2030, with fitting of pre-June 2030 tyres on vehicles permitted until 30 June 2032, and stage 2 introducing tighter limits with new approvals from 30 June 2033 and mandatory approval from 30 June 2035. C2 test method development is ongoing with an informal document presentation targeting February 2027 submission of a formal working document. For C3 tyres, a brainstorming session was planned for October 2026 in Brussels to develop simplified test methods before physical testing, focusing initially on long-haul and regional 22.5-inch tyres.

Progress report on Particular Matter Pollutants (PMP) Informal Working Group activities for GRPE-95. Updates on proposals for a new Supplement to UN R179, a new UN Regulation on brake replacement parts, additions to GTR 24 for light-duty vehicles with limited speed, a new GTR for heavy-duty brakes, and a new UN Regulation for heavy-duty vehicle brakes. Reports on ongoing inter-laboratory studies for calibration procedures and brake emissions testing. Discusses technical developments in brake testing facilities, electromechanical brakes, and conformity of production procedures.

Report on the Task Force Automated Vehicles Regulation Screening activities for the 95th session of GRPE. The task force has completed its mandate to screen regulations for application of automated vehicles. It reviewed amendments to UN R154 for categories X, Y and dual modes, applied existing testing methods and emission legislation frameworks, and identified issues regarding energy consumption of automated vehicles and consistency in accounting for complex system energy consumption. The task force recommends discontinuation as its mandate has ended and it lacks authority to modify existing testing methods and requirements.

The document addresses accuracy calculation procedures in UN R154.04 Appendix 5, paragraph 4.2, which compares type-approval values from the mains with values at the vehicle interface for energy-related parameters of plug-in electric vehicles and other vehicles. It notes that losses of electric vehicle supply equipment and measurement uncertainties of external devices used to measure voltage and current are not considered in the accuracy calculation. OICA is developing a proposal to address both topics for submission to the 96th GRPE session.

Status report on the Informal Working Group on Environmental and Propulsion Performance Requirements for L-Category Vehicles. The group has held four meetings since the previous session. A Task Force has been established to transpose the 03 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 40 from UN-GTR No. 2, co-chaired by Japan and Malaysia. The first Task Force meeting was convened on 9 October with participation from ASEAN countries, Ghana, and others. Future meetings are scheduled through June 2027. No concrete proposals have been advanced on other agenda items.

The Task Force on Swappable Battery shall review WP.29 regulations and identify technical requirements necessary for swappable-battery vehicles intended for mass production, compile them into a list, define vehicle types for swappable-battery-compatible vehicles, identify applicable regulations, clarify the process for handling such vehicles and batteries as a special type of Vehicle Type Approval under WP.29, discuss treating batteries as independent type approval units for both swappable and in-vehicle batteries, coordinate activities with EVS Phase 3 scheduled to start in November 2026, cooperate with EVE IWG activities, and develop a guidance document to be proposed to WP.29 to initiate regulatory work. Terms of Reference will be finalized and proposed to GRPE in April 2027, and status of other items will be reported in October 2027.

Document presents preparation for a Task Force on swappable batteries under GRPE. It outlines considerations of sustainability from environmental and customer acceptability perspectives, identifies issues requiring regulatory framework including vehicle and battery approval processes, safety requirements for swapping operations, performance and durability standards, cyber security measures, and compatibility checking. A two-step approach is proposed: identifying work items and drafting Terms of Reference. The Task Force will review WP.29 regulations, identify technical requirements for swappable-battery vehicles, define vehicle types for type approval, and collaborate with other WP.29 bodies. Japan and China are initial Co-Chairs; other Contracting Parties are welcomed to join. Timeline spans October 2026 through May 2027 with discussions beginning at GRPE-95.

Proposal to amend Annex 5, para. 5. to define Part C: Verification of reported assessment of virtual distance, amend para. 5.1. to specify the verification procedure including measurement of total discharge energy and approval by the responsible authority, insert new sub-paras. 5.1.1. through 5.1.5. to establish environmental temperature requirements, initial State of Charge setting, discharging test specifications, test termination conditions, and verification test procedures with Table 4 steps, and amend para. 5.2. to establish pass/fail criteria based on comparison of reported delta virtual distance to measured virtual distance with a 5 per cent threshold and statistical decision procedures using Table 5.

Proposal to replace para. 9.3.2.1., replace paras. 9.3.2.8.1. and 9.3.2.9.1., amend paras. 9.3.9.2.2. and 9.3.9.6., and insert new Appendices 10 and 11. The replacements clarify measurement principles, specify that analyser assessment may be conducted by type-approval authorities, designated technical services, or metrological institutes preferably via witnessed testing at the instrument manufacturer premises, and provide protocols and certificate models for analyser assessment. Amendments to para. 9.3.9.2.2. permit alternative humidification techniques and clarify that test gas shall be humidified to a water concentration approximately equal to the maximum water concentration expected during emission testing for all fuels. Amendment to para. 9.3.9.6. specifies that spectral resolution shall have a nominal value ≤0.5 cm⁻¹ to minimise cross interference.

Proposal to amend Annex 2 – Appendix 1 to add para. 1.4.1. specifying user-selectable mode(s) resulting in the lowest recuperation and relevant pre-test procedures for vehicles with a vehicle specific c-factor according to Annex 5, and to delete items not brake emission related including brake circuit configuration, secondary braking system declaration, brake valve specifications, master cylinder type and size, and booster type and size.