Revised version based on document GRPE-70-19.

2. Mr. Andreas Wehrmeier summarized the meeting minutes of the VIAQ Kick off meeting.

17. The mindmap of the last meeting of pro and con ambient mode versus driving mode should be considered.

Proposals for VIAQ work, including discussion of ambient (new car) and driving (in-use) modes and of the various standards on interior air quality around the world.

15. Mr Jongsoon Lim summarized the work items concentrating on the measurement mode (ambient, parking, driving) and the target substances to be measured.

3. Mr. JongSoon Lim repeated the following presentations from the Kick off meeting: VIAQ IWG Organization, WP 29 Mandate, GRPE Adoption, Rule Making Process and Rules and Procedures.

6. The ToR was questioned in the VIAQ Kick off meeting and a change of wording was proposed by OICA (Link OICA ToR change proposal). OICA wanted to stress that:

1. ToR Chapter 1 (Background) could be misleading, but clearly doesn’t state that upon current knowledge customers are facing health effects, when driving in current vehicles.
2. ToR chapter 2 (Objective) can be misleading, but it is not an objective of the working group to create limit values for substances to be measured.

7. The group shared the opinion of OICA, but decided to leave the wording of the ToR unchanged.

16. A work item list was generated from this. To do: The countries and parties are requested to fill out the work item list with their proposal for a harmonized standard. (Send list to secretary, all parties, 2 November 2015)

8. Mr. Hyun-woo Lee presented the existing Korean test standard for vehicle interior air measurement. He explained the rationality behind the standard and its behind achievements since the first issue in 2004.

9. Mr. Yunshan Ge presented the existing guidelines for vehicle interior air measurement in China.

10. Ms. Zinaida Bulycheva presented the interior air test standard of Russia and explained why Russia is concentrating on the measurement of toxic gases from outside air. CO and NOx are especially more toxic then components emitted from interior parts.

11. Mr. Andreas Wehrmeier briefly summarized the rationale behind the ISO standard of vehicle interior air emission measurement and explained the most relevant parameters.

13. Mr. Mark Polster showed a comparison of measurement results of the different existing standards. He specifically indicated that changes in the measurement temperature, windows opening and soak time can have influence on the results.

12. Mr. Hartmut Kovacs explained the OICA/ACEA position regarding a common vehicle interior air measurement method. He clearly stated that OICA is promoting the ISO 12219-1 standard, because it is the most realistic test procedure.

1. The chair of the VIAQ Informal Working Group, Mr. JongSoon Lim, welcomed the participants.

Table prepared by the VIAQ informal group during its first session.

14. The group summarized the main parameters of the existing standards, in an Excel table. The task of the group in the next meetings will be to harmonize the deviations of the different standards.

Table prepared by the VIAQ group as the basis for harmonization.

Review of pros and cons for testing in ambient, parking, and driving modes.

EC position that VIAQ should follow ISO 12219-1 and focus testing on vehicles one month after production and with less than 50 km travel.

OICA supports transposing ISO 12219‐1 as a UN regulation.

Presentation for the 72nd GRPE session.

Revised version of the VIAQ group list of work items prepared by the group secretary.

Initial Draft and Working Document: Recommendation of a measurement method for vehicle interior air quality

SAE input concerning VIAQ discussions on soak time and test methods, including materials on ISO test methods.

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport: Public Notification No. 2103-549, “The Management Standards of the Interior Air Quality of Newly Manufactured Vehicles”.

Russian presentation particularly addressing concerns over interior air contamination by higher concentrations of hazardous substance found along roadways and notification that the Eurasian Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC) has developed a regional standard (“Motor vehicles. Devices for air cleaning in the vehicle interior, the driver’s cabin, the passenger compartment, and filters for them”) for initial adoption in 2017.

Proposal for test vehicle pre-test storage conditions under the draft VIAQ test procedure

The chair welcomed the participants of the 4th Meeting of the Informal Working Group on Vehicle Interior Air Quality and especially thanked Daimler for hosting the meeting. Please refer to the participants list. (VIAQ-04-11)

The agenda for the meeting (VIAQ-04-02) was reviewed and accepted by all participants.

The chair explained the progress report and the decided issues from the 3rd meeting are (VIAQ-04-04):

• three testing modes (Ambient, Parking, Driving),
• tested substances (Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Ethylbenzene, Styrene)

• Vehicle categories
• Vehicle age (production date, mileage definition)
• Transport & Storage
• Testing conditions for the different modes

The open tasks of the work item list were discussed. (VIAQ-04-04, VIAQ-04-05) The following status was determined. It is proceeding as four steps (To be determined, Under discussion, Provisional conclusion, and Closed):

• “To be determined” means that this point hasn’t been touched, but is still important for the procedure. The working item is proposed by members
• “Under discussion” means that this task is still being discussed. Members should address their opinions on it.
• “Provisional conclusion” means that a majority of the group’s members agree on the items. The items will be open for other opinions, objections, and suggestions at the next meeting.
• “Closed” means the item is decided (final conclusion) and won’t be discussed again.

The secretary summarized the meeting minutes of the 3rd VIAQ meeting (VIAQ-03-12). The meeting minutes were approved by the participants.

The chair explained the progress report and the decided issues from the 3rd meeting are (VIAQ-04-04):

• three testing modes (Ambient, Parking, Driving),
• tested substances (Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Ethylbenzene, Styrene)

• Vehicle categories
• Vehicle age (production date, mileage definition)
• Transport & Storage
• Testing conditions for the different modes

The open tasks of the work item list were discussed. (VIAQ-04-04, VIAQ-04-05) The following status was determined. It is proceeding as four steps (To be determined, Under discussion, Provisional conclusion, and Closed):

• “To be determined” means that this point hasn’t been touched, but is still important for the procedure. The working item is proposed by members
• “Under discussion” means that this task is still being discussed. Members should address their opinions on it.
• “Provisional conclusion” means that a majority of the group’s members agree on the items. The items will be open for other opinions, objections, and suggestions at the next meeting.
• “Closed” means the item is decided (final conclusion) and won’t be discussed again.

On behalf of OICA Ms. Jang presented principals that influence the analytical results depending on storage time and temperature. (VIAQ-04-08)

Russia submitted valuable comments on the current draft document that will be considered for the next revision of the draft document, but were not discussed in detail. (VIAQ-04-06)

The expert of UL presented the Introduction of vehicle indoor air quality.

The expert from Korea, Dr. Lee presented a proposal from Korea on the test parameters (VIAQ-04-07):

• M1 (light duty passenger cars) and N1 (light duty truck) should be tested.
• The production date is the date when the final test of vehicles is finished in the production line.
• Tests should be done for 28d old cars.
• Cars should be transported and stored in a normal way for series cars. Climate system should be in recirculation mode.
• Before the test the cars should be parked in a storage area.
• One day before the test all covers should be removed.
• Soak temperature should be 25°C. Soak time should be 16h.
• Each car should be tested twice.

On behalf of OICA Ms. Jang presented principals that influence the analytical results depending on storage time and temperature. (VIAQ-04-08)

Russia submitted valuable comments on the current draft document that will be considered for the next revision of the draft document, but were not discussed in detail. (VIAQ-04-06)

The expert of UL presented the Introduction of vehicle indoor air quality.

On behalf of OICA, Mr. Jiang presented a proposal on the storage conditions (VIAQ-04-09):

• Normal transportation and storage process shall be used.
• Sunlight exposure and interior contamination should be minimized.
• No extra fuelling of the car is allowed.
• Dust wiping, vacuuming and cleaning with clear water is allowed.
• Prior to the test, the vehicle has to be stored at 20-30°C.

On behalf of OICA, Dr. Göldenitz presented a proposal for the selection of the test cars (VIAQ-04-09):

• The production date is the day when the car is handed over to the sales department.
• The car has to be from the regular production process.
• A worst case approach is recommended. Cars should be combined in families with the same emission potential.
• The test car should be equipped with the darkest interior and exterior color.
• Three cars should be tested for each family: textile, artificial leather, and real leather.

Comments from the expert of Russian federation on the initial draft standard concerning measurement methods for vehicle indoor air quality.

The chair welcomed the participants of the 4th Meeting of the Informal Working Group on Vehicle Interior Air Quality and especially thanked Daimler for hosting the meeting. Please refer to the participants list. (VIAQ-04-11)

The agenda for the meeting (VIAQ-04-02) was reviewed and accepted by all participants.

Comprehensive review of the background and data that went in to the definition of heating radiator in ISO 12219-1, 4.2. Heating radiator

Joint ISO/TC 22-ISO/TC 146/SC6/WG 13: Quality Control Data-Leak Check & Test to Test Variability

The secretary summarized the meeting minutes of the 5th VIAQ meeting (VIAQ-05-13). The meeting minutes were accepted by the participants without corrections.

3.3 OICA position on open issues of working item list

This topic was discussed under agenda point “3.4 Working item list”.

3.4 Working items list

The group discussed the remaining working items that are not closed and closed the following items:

Car Type: Category 1-1 according to 1998 Agreement

Preconditioning 1 day before measurement (soak time): Condition vehicle nearby the test facility. Store vehicles at temperature as close as possible to soak temperature (recommended to be 20-30°C). Prevent vehicles from contamination and avoid direct sunlight. All doors and windows should be closed during storage time. Workers should carefully deal with the vehicle to prevent contamination.

Ambient mode doors opening: Doors shall be opened for 60 min prior to start soak time.

Ambient mode temperature: 23.0-25.0°C, recommended to be as close as possible to 25.0 °C

Parking mode test temperature and condition time: Resulting temperature after heat radiation from top for 4h with 400W/m². Details of heat radiation see current ISO12219-1.

Driving mode test temperature: 23.0-25.0°C

Driving mode process: “Before starting of driving mode, install the two VOC sorbent tubes and the two DNPH cartridges, and purge the dead volume in the test vehicle. The air condition is set off. Connect the exhaust pipe of the test vehicle with the ventilation system of test chamber to remove the exhaust gases outdoors. Open one door, start the engine. Keep gear in neutral or park position. Engine must be running during sampling for 30± 2 min at idling speed with the minimum frequency of idling, declared by the manufacturer. Turn on the air conditioning at 23.0-25.0°C in automatic mode. For test vehicles without automatic air-conditioning systems, the temperature should be set to the coldest position of the heating and the fan is set in highest performance mode with fresh-air ventilation. The doors and windows of test vehicle shall be closed during the whole mode. Additional ventilation systems are only allowed if part of the series vehicle and normal vehicle operation procedure during driving. The duration between opening the door and closing should be 1 min. After 1 min of engine operation, turn on the pumps of the sampling trains (recommended two for VOCs and two for carbonyl compounds, each in parallel). The sampling of air samples in the test vehicle cabin is performed at elevated temperature for 30 min. The flow rate is adjusted to maximum 0.2 l/min for VOCs and 1 l/min for carbonyl compound measurements. The measurement procedures specified in ISO 16000-6 (VOCs) and ISO 16000-3 (carbonyl compounds) shall be followed. At the same time, turn on the sampling trains in the whole vehicle test chamber to determine the VOCs and carbonyl compounds background concentrations (recommended two sampling trains for VOCs and two for carbonyl compounds). After completion of sampling, turn off the engine. Stop the pumps of the sampling trains and the heating radiators/lamps. The sampling volumes shall be read and registered. The VOC sorbent tubes and DNPH cartridges shall be taken out of the sampling train for the analysis as specified in ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16000-3. Stop the continuous measurements for temperature and relative humidity. This is the end of the test mode.”

Repeated test: Only 1 vehicle needs to be tested, but repeatability tests are recommended for lab validation.

Sampling number of cartridges: 1 sample Aldehyde + 1 sample screening is mandatory. It is recommended to test additional sample Aldehyde + screening.

Sampling flow: max. flow for DNPH cartridges up to 1.0 L/min and for Tenax TA cartridges up to 0.2 L/min.

Sampling time: Aldehydes and VOCs 30 min each.

Reports: take over from ISO 12219-1.

One working item remains as provisional conclusion:

OICA proposed the following vehicle family concept:

“The selection of vehicles should be based on a family concept to minimize testing cost. Therefore it is recommended to measure vehicles only in one colour. The colour should be dark in exterior and interior (preferably black) to have the highest solar loading in parking mode testing. Vehicles should be grouped according to similar interior material concepts. Same upholstery (leather or textile), same surface materials, often described by same interior lines are considered as similar interior concepts.”

To do: The members are requested to review the proposal for a family concept until the 7th meeting.

The decisions are documented in the new working item list (VIAQ-06-05)

4.1 Task from 5th meeting: Comments to draft document

The input from the members is included in the new version of the draft document (VIAQ-06-03).

4.2 Draft document for Recommendation

The drafter group discussed, if the chapters on general and special provisions should be in part I or II in the document.

To do: Jongsoon Lim to clarify with GRPE secretary

3.1 Task from 5th meeting: Comments on test temperature ambient mode 23° or 25°C

Dr. Lee on behalf of Korea gave a presentation on VIAQ measurement results at 23°C and 25°C. Measured values for VOCs and Aldehydes were very similar at both temperatures. Acetaldehyde and Formaldehyde were slightly higher at 25°C. The expert from Korea concluded that ambient test temperature can be set to 23°C or 25°C. Korea would prefer testing at 25°C, but won’t oppose 23°C (VIAQ-06-09).

Dr. Bulycheva on behalf of Russia said that 23°C test temperature is more relevant for Russia, but won’t oppose a compromise.

Prof. Ge on behalf of China suggested a compromise of testing temperature from 23,0-25,0°C.

Dr. Kovacs on behalf of OICA said that OICA is in favour of 23°C test temperature, but won’t oppose on a test temperature of 25°C. However, OICA temperature deviation at 25°C [then] has to be limited to +/- 0,5°C.

The group concluded on the compromise of China for an ambient test temperature from 23,0-25,0°C, recommended to be as close as possible to 25.0 °C, and closed this working item.

Review of work on ISO 12219-1: Interior air of road vehicles — Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors.

Draft text pursuant to the drafters’ group session.

Updated proposal from the version presented to the January 2017 GRPE session prepared for the 18th VIAQ informal group session.

KATRI presentation on a 2011 defects investigation responding to complaints of exhaust gases inside vehicles, testing for carbon monoxide inside vehicle cabins, and the development of a test procedure to assess the presence of exhaust gases inside the occupant cabin.

SAE paper comparing GCMS/HPLC to the Voice200 ultra, a specialized real-time instrument utilizing the technique selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to analyze vehicle interior air.

This proposal expands on the issues of the vehicle interior air quality, addressing exhaust gases entering into vehicle cabin air and developing a test procedure in a recommendation.

English translation of the Russian GOST 33554—2015 standard “Motor Vehicles: Content of Pollutants in the Interior of the Driver’s Cab and Passenger Compartment: Technical requirements and test methods”.