Presentation for discussion of child seat submarining behaviors and related abdominal and other injuries.
Spine seems to have an effect (also leads to diagonal belt slippage and increased neck force).
Pulse + bench have an effect in simulations.
Overall, the baseline human model behaviour seems in line with epidemiological data. However, the results question the ability of the dummy to evaluate the submarining behaviour in the sled conditions.
Q10 dummy is not representative of the normal kinematics and has some difficulties to differentiate improved CRS from poor products.