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Geneva
(Latest 10 June 2016)
| Agenda | Formal | Informal |
Attendance
1. Adoption of the agenda
GRSP/2016/1 | Annotated provisional agenda for the 59th GRSP session
GRSP-59-07 | Running order of the agenda for the 59th GRSP session
GRSP/2016/1/Add.1 | Annotated provisional agenda for the 59th GRSP session
2. Global technical regulation No. 1 (Door locks and door retention components)
GRSP/2015/26 | Proposal for Supplement 1 to the 04 series of amendments and for Supplement 4 to the 03 series of amendments to Regulation No. 11 Proposal to introduce provisions to prevent the unintentional opening of rear doors while the vehicle is in motion.
GRSP-59-13 | Proposal to develop amendment 2 to global technical regulation No. 1
WP.29/2016/72 | Request for authorization to develop amendment 2 to UN GTR No. 1 Request for authorization to develop an amendment to GTR No. 1 to ensure adequate protection against accidental opening of the back door while the vehicle is in motion.
3. Global technical regulation No. 7 (Head restraints)
GRSP/2015/34 | Draft amendment 1 to GTR No. 7 on Head Restraints The GTR7 Informal Working Group has been preparing amendments to the regulation with regard to head restraint height, use of the BioRID test dummy, and to improve the overall text. This document provides the current draft text with open items enclosed in brackets.
GRSP-58-26 | Draft amendment 1 to GTR No. 7 on Head Restraints Updated draft of amendments to the regulation with regard to head restraint height, use of the BioRID test dummy, and to improve the overall text. This document includes revisions made during the 58th GRSP session (December 2015).
GRSP-59-18 | NHTSA experience with non-traditional vehicles NHTSA presentation on the agency's experience and investigations concerning low-speed vehicles and three-wheeled motorcycles. This presentation broadly considers very light vehicles mainly intended for local (neighborhood), short-distance transportation.
4. Global technical regulation No. 9 (Pedestrian safety)
GRSP-59-16 | Request for authorization to develop an amendment to global technical regulation No. 9 Draft of a request for authorization to amend GTR 9 to include provisions for deployable safety systems of the outer surface of the vehicle. This proposal originates with the development of technologies such as active hood/bonnet mechanisms that improve pedestrian impact protection. The proposal anticipates submission of a formal amendment for the June 2018 WP.29 session.
4. (a) Proposal for Phase 2 of the global technical regulation
GRSP-58-31 | Proposal for the amendments to Global Technical Regulation No. 9 Proposal to introduce provisions for "deployable pedestrian protection systems in the bonnet area" (e.g., active hood systems where a pedestrian impact triggers tge hood release to allow for greater impact absorption and exterior frontal airbags).
GRSP/2014/15 | Draft Amendment 2 to Global Technical Regulation No. 9 Draft of the amendment to introduce the Flex PLI lower legform impactor and related test procedures into the GTR on pedestrian safety protection, including the new bumper test area specifications.
GRSP/2014/16 | Fifth progress report of the informal group on Phase 2 of GTR No. 9
GRSP/2015/2 | Proposal for amendments to global technical regulation No. 9 Proposal to amend the bumper test area procedures under the pedestrian safety GTR. This proposal includes the "bumper beam measurement" in the procedure.
GRSP-59-16 | Request for authorization to develop an amendment to global technical regulation No. 9 Draft of a request for authorization to amend GTR 9 to include provisions for deployable safety systems of the outer surface of the vehicle. This proposal originates with the development of technologies such as active hood/bonnet mechanisms that improve pedestrian impact protection. The proposal anticipates submission of a formal amendment for the June 2018 WP.29 session.
GRSP-59-21 | Pedestrian safety research in Japan
4. (b) Proposal for Amendments to Phase 1 and draft Phase 2 of the global technical regulation
GRSP/2012/2 | Final progress report on the proposal to develop amendment 2 to GTR 9 Review of the work behind the proposal to clarify GTR 9, in particular concerning the definition of the headform testing/contact area for measurement purposes.
GRSP/2014/2 | Proposal for amendment to Phase 1 to global technical regulation No. 9 Proposal to clarify provisions on the headform tests of UN GTR No. 9.
GRSP/2014/5 | Proposal for amendment to draft Phase 2 to global technical regulation No. 9 (Pedestrian safety) Proposal to clarify provisions of the headform tests of UN GTR No. 9.
GRSP-59-21 | Pedestrian safety research in Japan
5. Global technical regulation No. 13 (Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Vehicles)
6. Harmonization of side impact dummies
7. Global technical regulation on electric vehicles
GRSP-59-10 | Draft minutes of the 10th EVS informal group session
GRSP-59-11 | Informal Working Group on Electric Vehicle Safety Global Technical Regulation
8. Regulation No. 14 (Safety-belt anchorages)
GRSP-58-13 | Draft proposal for a 08 series of amendments to Regulation No. 14 Australian proposal to adapt UN R14 to current Australian child restraint system anchorage requirements within the context of enabling the use of UN R14 within the international whole vehicle type approval system.
9. Regulation No. 16 (Safety-belts)
GRSP-58-15/Rev.1 | Proposal for an 07 series of amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal to simplify the UN R16 consumer handbook information pursuant to discussions on the development of UN R129 on enhanced child restraint systems.
GRSP/2016/2 | Proposal for the 07 series of amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal to require seat-belt reminders for all seating positions, including rear positions, and to clarify the scope of the regulation.
GRSP/2016/8 | Proposal for Supplement 8 to the 06 series of amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal to clarify and improve the belt routing and positioning of the universal child restraint system seat fixture during testing.
GRSP/2016/12 | Proposal for Supplement 8 to the 06 series of amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal to clarify the installation requirements for N<sub>3</sub> vehicles for seating positions other than the front positions.
GRSP/2016/13 | Proposal for 07 series of amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal to insert provisions for vehicles equipped with manual airbag deactivation devices, especially to ensure that vehicles meet performance requirements regardless of the airbag activation setting and to specific requirements for airbag status reminders and telltales.
GRSP-59-06/Rev.2 | Proposal for the 07 series of amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal to introduce provisions for seat-belt reminders for all vehicle seating positions pursuant to the outcome of the Task Force on Seat-belt Reminders discussions.
GRSP-59-12 | Report and explanation document of Seat-belt Reminder Task Force (SBR-TF)
GRSP-59-19/Rev.1 | Proposal for Supplement 8 to the 06 series of amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal to clarify the "Minimum requirements for safety-belts and Retractors" table in Annex 16.
GRSP-59-20 | Proposal for Supplement 8 to the 06 series of Amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal drafted by OICA pursuant to cooperation among the EU, Consumers International, Governmental experts, Euro NCAP, OICA and CLEPA to restructure and simplify the consumer information requirements on the installation of ISOFIX child restraint systems under UN R16.
GRSP/2016/15 | Proposal for Supplement 8 to the 06 series of amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal to to clarify the provisions for dynamic testing of rear seat system, advanced restraint system approval and transitional provisions prepared by the European Association of Automotive Suppliers (CLEPA) in cooperation with France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA). This proposal supersedes GRSP/2015/18 and GRSP-58-35.
GRSP-59-01 | Remarks to the Collective amendments to Regulations Nos. 16, 44, 94 and 129 Hungary agrees with the proposed change to the airbag label, but recommends the addition of transitional provisions.
GRSP/2016/13 | Proposal for 07 series of amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal to insert provisions for vehicles equipped with manual airbag deactivation devices, especially to ensure that vehicles meet performance requirements regardless of the airbag activation setting and to specific requirements for airbag status reminders and telltales.
10. Regulation No. 17 (Strength of seats)
GRSP-57-23 | Regulation No. 17 strength of seats - Request for clarification Request for clarification concerning head restraint testing configurations.
GRSP-58-28/Rev.1 | Proposal for the 09 series of amendments to Regulation No. 17 Proposal of draft text to transpose GTR No. 7 (head restraints) into UN R17, including the draft Amendment 1 to GTR 7 addressing use of the BioRID II test dummy, backset measurement method revision, and new head restraint height thresholds.
GRSP/2015/27 | Proposal for Supplement 4 to the 08 series of amendments to Regulation No. 17 Proposal to expand the application area of the energy absorption criteria for seating in order to facilitate the optimization of seat-belt load limiters by allowing limited occupant contact with these seat areas.
11. Regulation No. 21 (Interior fittings)
GRSP/2015/28 | Proposal for amendments to Regulation No. 21 Changes to NCAP testing oblige the use of load limiters on safety-belts with lower threshold values that yield less thorax compression but also allow for greater forward displacement of the occupants. To address the greater forward displacement of rear occupants, UN R17 is under revision to require more stringent energy dissipation performance for those areas of the rear of seats (including the head restraints and parts mounted on the seat) where the head of the rear occupant may come into contact. UN R21 allows for alternative testing of the rear parts of seats (paras. 5.7-5.7.3. ) However, in light of the changes to UN R17, this alternative approach is no longer valid. This proposal would delete the alternate method and expands the scope of UN R21 to include testing of any parts mounted on the seats.
12. Regulation No. 22 (Protective helmets)
GRSP-57-06 | Regulation No. 22 and electric bikes In response to a request during the December 2014 GRSP session to resume discussions on helmet safety and electric bikes, the secretariat has prepared this background note.
13. Regulation No. 25 (Head restraints)
GRSP/2015/22 | Proposal for Supplement 2 to the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No. 25 The provisions of UN Regulation No. 16 (paragraph 6.4.1.4.1.) only allow contact of the chest of the dummy driver with the steering assembly, provided that this contact fulfils certain energy-dissipation test requirements and that contact does not occur at a speed higher than 24 km/h. In response to the updated provisions of UN Regulation No. 16 which allow greater forward displacement of occupants, UN Regulation No. 17 will be updated to provide requirements on improved energy-dissipation criteria for those areas of the rear of seats and head restraints where impact of the head of the rear occupant may occur. Given the update to UN R17, this proposal would amend the scope of UN R25 (which has not been updated with regard to energy dissipation) to cover only vehicle categories M2 < 3.5 tons and N1 and mention explicitly that application to N2 and N3 vehicle categories is optional.
14. Regulation No. 44 (Child restraints systems)
GRSP/2016/3 | Proposal for Supplement 12 to the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No. 44 Proposal to amend the toxicity and flammability declarations via references to EN71 (European safety standards), taking into account procedures of FMVSS 302.
GRSP/2016/9 | Proposal for draft Corrigendum 2 to Revision 3 (Russian only) to Regulation No. 44 Proposal to improve the translation into Russian of the text originally adopted in its English version and to correct a typographical error in the Russian text.
GRSP/2016/11 | Proposal for 05 series of amendments to Regulation No. 44 Proposal to strip ISOFIX CRS provisions from UN R44 and to cease all new type approvals for CRS under UN R44 from November 2016 in deference to UN R129 on Enhanced CRS. Presently, all the Contracting Parties applying UN R44 also apply UN R129. Therefore, the proposal seeks to eliminate the possibility to seek new type approvals under either UN R44 or UN R129 by restricting ISOFIX CRS to UN R129.
GRSP/2016/14 | Proposal for a Supplement to Regulation No. 44 Proposal to clarify the requirements for CRS utilizing the seat belt lap strap in order to ensure correct installation and testing and to avoid possibly dangerous misinterpretation to the test configuration.
GRSP-59-02/Rev.2 | Proposal for Supplement 12 to the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No. 44 Updated proposal from Spain on behalf of the CRS Technical Services Group to align requirements for deceleration test devices with acceleration ones (making explicit that it is mandatory to match the corridor for each test) and to add dummy criteria and compliance with ISO 17025 to the information required in test reports.
GRSP-59-04 | Collective amendments to Regulations No. 44 and No. 129 Amendment to the proposals (GRSP/2016/3, GRSP/2016/5, and GRSP/2016/6) to amend the toxicity and flammability declarations via references to EN 71 (European safety standards), taking into account procedures of FMVSS 302. The amendments propose the burning rate values of FMVSS 302 (302.4 inches/102 mm per minute), to harmonize the three proposals with regard to EN standards references, and to incorporate the amendment 1 to EN 71-3 (A1:2014).
GRSP-59-05 | Proposal for collective amendments to Regulations Nos. 44 and 129 Proposal to change the burn-rate in documents GRSP/2016/3, GRSP/2016/5, and GRSP/2016/6 from [250 mm] to the equivalent of the FMVSS 302 specification, i.e., 100 mm.
GRSP-59-15/Rev.1 | Proposal for 05 series of amendments to Regulation No. 44 Proposal to strip ISOFIX CRS provisions from UN R44 and to cease all new type approvals for ISOFIX integral CRS under UN R44 from [November 2016] in deference to UN R129 on Enhanced CRS.
GRSP-59-17 | Meeting of Technical Special Group on Child Restraint Systems Presentation concerning technical discussions, conclusions, and proposals for CRS bench seat cushion drop tests under UN R44 and UN R129.
CRS-56-05 | Preventing misuse with ECRS that can be used with and without shield Proposal for labeling requirement to avoid misuse.
GRSP/2016/11 | Proposal for 05 series of amendments to Regulation No. 44 Proposal to strip ISOFIX CRS provisions from UN R44 and to cease all new type approvals for CRS under UN R44 from November 2016 in deference to UN R129 on Enhanced CRS. Presently, all the Contracting Parties applying UN R44 also apply UN R129. Therefore, the proposal seeks to eliminate the possibility to seek new type approvals under either UN R44 or UN R129 by restricting ISOFIX CRS to UN R129.
GRSP/2016/14 | Proposal for a Supplement to Regulation No. 44 Proposal to clarify the requirements for CRS utilizing the seat belt lap strap in order to ensure correct installation and testing and to avoid possibly dangerous misinterpretation to the test configuration.
GRSP-59-17 | Meeting of Technical Special Group on Child Restraint Systems Presentation concerning technical discussions, conclusions, and proposals for CRS bench seat cushion drop tests under UN R44 and UN R129.
GRSP-59-01 | Remarks to the Collective amendments to Regulations Nos. 16, 44, 94 and 129 Hungary agrees with the proposed change to the airbag label, but recommends the addition of transitional provisions.
15. Regulation No. 80 (Strength of seats and their anchorages (Buses))
GRSP/2015/23 | Proposal for Supplement 2 to the 03 series of amendments to Regulation No. 80 In response to proposals to allow greater forward displacement of occupants under UN R16 and the resulting changes in impact energy-dissipation criteria under UN R17, UN R25 (with regard to head restraints) is also subject to change. This proposal would accordingly update a reference in UN R80 to UN R25.
GRSP-59-09/Rev.1 | Proposal for the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No. 80 UN R80, paragraph 7.4.4. specifies that passengers in side-facing seats "shall be safeguarded by a vehicle part (e.g. partition, wall or seat back of a forward-facing seat) forward of the foremost side-facing seat". Germany has determined that the current text has been misinterpreted with regard to the intended requirement for a safety device that does not break and maintains its capability to retain a passenger’s body in the event of an accident. This proposal clarifies that such any such structure "shall retain its safeguard function during testing".
GRSP-59-09/Rev.1 | Proposal for the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No. 80 UN R80, paragraph 7.4.4. specifies that passengers in side-facing seats "shall be safeguarded by a vehicle part (e.g. partition, wall or seat back of a forward-facing seat) forward of the foremost side-facing seat". Germany has determined that the current text has been misinterpreted with regard to the intended requirement for a safety device that does not break and maintains its capability to retain a passenger’s body in the event of an accident. This proposal clarifies that such any such structure "shall retain its safeguard function during testing".
16. Regulation No. 94 (Frontal collision)
GRSP-59-01 | Remarks to the Collective amendments to Regulations Nos. 16, 44, 94 and 129 Hungary agrees with the proposed change to the airbag label, but recommends the addition of transitional provisions.
17. Regulation No. 100 (Electric power trained vehicles)
GRSP/2016/7 | Proposal for amendments to Regulation No. 100 Proposal to transfer provisions for electrical safety of trolleybuses from UN Regulation No. 107 (M2 and M3 vehicles) to UN Regulation No. 100 (Electric Power Trained Vehicles). This proposal seeks to clarify the scope of the two Regulations with regard to the electrical safety of trolleybuses.
18. Regulation No. 127 (Pedestrian safety)
GRSP-59-21 | Pedestrian safety research in Japan
19. Regulation No. 129 (Enhanced Child Restraint Systems)
GRSP-58-21 | Proposal for Supplement to Regulation No. 129 Completion of missing Integral fixtures for Regulation 129. The Universal Fixture was compatible with 39 of 40 vehicle types (97.5%) tested, but a lateral fixture (lie flat, carry cot) is needed for certain special cases.
GRSP/2016/4 | Proposal for the 02 series of amendments to Phase 2 of Regulation No. 129 Proposal from the CRS informal group to introduce phase 2 amendments regarding the approval of booster-seat CRS category (booster seat with backrest) into UN R129.
GRSP/2016/5 | Proposal for Supplement 05 to Regulation No. 129 Proposal to amend the toxicity and flammability declarations via references to EN71 (European safety standards).
GRSP/2016/6 | Proposal for the 01 series of amendments to Regulation No. 129 Proposal to amend the toxicity and flammability provisions. This proposal runs in parallel with the proposal for Supplement 5 to the 00 series of amendments (document GRSP/2016/5).
GRSP/2016/10 | Proposal for draft Corrigendum 2 (Russian only) to the original version of Regulation No. 129 Proposal to improve the translation into Russian of the text originally adopted in its English version and to correct a typographical error in the Russian text.
GRSP-59-03/Rev.1 | Proposal for Supplement 6 to Regulation No. 129 Proposal from Spain on behalf of the CRS Technical Services Group to<ul class="alpha"><li>to align paragraph 6.6.3.1. with the 01 series of amendments,</li><li>to align requirements in 7.1.3.1 to test methods in 8.1.2.4.,</li><li>to add tolerances to better define the test method in paragraph 8.1.2.3.,</li><li>to improve the specifications for the measurement of dimensions C and D in Annex 23,</li><li>to align deceleration test requirements with acceleration test provisions (making explicit that it is mandatory to match the corridor for each test, and</li><li>to define the initial acceleration value under paragraph 7.3. against which the maximum deviation restriction is to be applied.</li></ul>
GRSP-59-04 | Collective amendments to Regulations No. 44 and No. 129 Amendment to the proposals (GRSP/2016/3, GRSP/2016/5, and GRSP/2016/6) to amend the toxicity and flammability declarations via references to EN 71 (European safety standards), taking into account procedures of FMVSS 302. The amendments propose the burning rate values of FMVSS 302 (302.4 inches/102 mm per minute), to harmonize the three proposals with regard to EN standards references, and to incorporate the amendment 1 to EN 71-3 (A1:2014).
GRSP-59-05 | Proposal for collective amendments to Regulations Nos. 44 and 129 Proposal to change the burn-rate in documents GRSP/2016/3, GRSP/2016/5, and GRSP/2016/6 from [250 mm] to the equivalent of the FMVSS 302 specification, i.e., 100 mm.
GRSP-59-08/Rev.1 | Proposal for the 02 series of amendments to Phase 2 of Regulation No. 129 Updated proposal from the CRS informal group to introduce phase 2 amendments related to the booster-seat CRS category (booster seat with backrest) into UN R129. This document updates the proposal in document GRSP/2016/4.
GRSP-59-14 | Status report of the CRS IWG on Regulation No. 129 Phase 2
GRSP-59-17 | Meeting of Technical Special Group on Child Restraint Systems Presentation concerning technical discussions, conclusions, and proposals for CRS bench seat cushion drop tests under UN R44 and UN R129.
GRSP/59/Add.1 | Addendum 1 to the report of the GRSP on its 59th session Draft 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 129
GRSP-59-20 | Proposal for Supplement 8 to the 06 series of Amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal drafted by OICA pursuant to cooperation among the EU, Consumers International, Governmental experts, Euro NCAP, OICA and CLEPA to restructure and simplify the consumer information requirements on the installation of ISOFIX child restraint systems under UN R16.
GRSP-59-01 | Remarks to the Collective amendments to Regulations Nos. 16, 44, 94 and 129 Hungary agrees with the proposed change to the airbag label, but recommends the addition of transitional provisions.
GRSP/2016/5 | Proposal for Supplement 05 to Regulation No. 129 Proposal to amend the toxicity and flammability declarations via references to EN71 (European safety standards).
GRSP-59-17 | Meeting of Technical Special Group on Child Restraint Systems Presentation concerning technical discussions, conclusions, and proposals for CRS bench seat cushion drop tests under UN R44 and UN R129.
GRSP/2016/4 | Proposal for the 02 series of amendments to Phase 2 of Regulation No. 129 Proposal from the CRS informal group to introduce phase 2 amendments regarding the approval of booster-seat CRS category (booster seat with backrest) into UN R129.
GRSP/59/Add.1 | Addendum 1 to the report of the GRSP on its 59th session Draft 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 129
20. Collective amendments to Regulations No. 14 and 16
GRSP-58-03/Rev.1 | Proposal for collective amendments to Regulation Nos. 14 and 16 Proposal to align the definition of "i-Size" child seating used in the two regulations.
GRSP/2016/13 | Proposal for 07 series of amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal to insert provisions for vehicles equipped with manual airbag deactivation devices, especially to ensure that vehicles meet performance requirements regardless of the airbag activation setting and to specific requirements for airbag status reminders and telltales.
21. Collective amendments to Regulations No. 16, 44, 94 and 129
GRSP/2015/30 | Collective amendments to Regulations Nos. 16, 44, 94 and 129 Proposal to harmonize information in the airbag warning label on the correct installation of Child Restraint Systems (CRS).
GRSP-59-01 | Remarks to the Collective amendments to Regulations Nos. 16, 44, 94 and 129 Hungary agrees with the proposed change to the airbag label, but recommends the addition of transitional provisions.
GRSP-59-17 | Meeting of Technical Special Group on Child Restraint Systems Presentation concerning technical discussions, conclusions, and proposals for CRS bench seat cushion drop tests under UN R44 and UN R129.
GRSP/2016/4 | Proposal for the 02 series of amendments to Phase 2 of Regulation No. 129 Proposal from the CRS informal group to introduce phase 2 amendments regarding the approval of booster-seat CRS category (booster seat with backrest) into UN R129.
GRSP/2016/13 | Proposal for 07 series of amendments to Regulation No. 16 Proposal to insert provisions for vehicles equipped with manual airbag deactivation devices, especially to ensure that vehicles meet performance requirements regardless of the airbag activation setting and to specific requirements for airbag status reminders and telltales.
GRSP/2016/14 | Proposal for a Supplement to Regulation No. 44 Proposal to clarify the requirements for CRS utilizing the seat belt lap strap in order to ensure correct installation and testing and to avoid possibly dangerous misinterpretation to the test configuration.
GRSP-59-01 | Remarks to the Collective amendments to Regulations Nos. 16, 44, 94 and 129 Hungary agrees with the proposed change to the airbag label, but recommends the addition of transitional provisions.
GRSP/2016/5 | Proposal for Supplement 05 to Regulation No. 129 Proposal to amend the toxicity and flammability declarations via references to EN71 (European safety standards).
22. Other business
22. (a) Exchange of information on national and international requirements on passive safety
GRSP-59-21 | Pedestrian safety research in Japan
GRSP-59-21 | Pedestrian safety research in Japan
22. (b) Definition and acronyms in Regulations under GRSP responsibilities
22. (c) Development of the International Whole Vehicle Type Approval (IWVTA) system
WP.29-168-12 | Report to WP.29 on the 20th IWVTA Informal Group meeting
22. (d) Highlights of the March 2016 session of WP.29
22. (e) Three-dimensional H-point machine
22. (f) Intelligent Transport Systems
22. (g) Performance of vehicle software based systems subjected to Regulations
WP.29-168-15 | The performance of automotive systems in conditions other than those tested in the framework of type-approval or self-certification Brief summary of GRRF discussions related to the performance of products in conditions outside the scope of test procedures (i.e., assuring satisfactory performance under all normal road conditions). GRRF agreed with Russia that this issue should be put before the full World Forum.
22. (h) Enforcement and Compliance: NHTSA experience with non-traditional vehicles
GRSP-59-18 | NHTSA experience with non-traditional vehicles NHTSA presentation on the agency's experience and investigations concerning low-speed vehicles and three-wheeled motorcycles. This presentation broadly considers very light vehicles mainly intended for local (neighborhood), short-distance transportation.
23. (i) Tributes