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3-D H machine
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A device used for the determination of H points and actual torso angles; also known as a "three-dimensional H point machine". (UN R33)
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ACE
Advanced Compatibility Engineering (in reference to vehicle-on-vehicle crash testing)
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ADB
Adaptive Driving Beam: vehicle headlamp technology
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ADR
European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
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AER mode
All-electric range mode: range measurement mode where the electrified vehicle is driven with electric motor only. The range is the total miles driven electrically before the engine turns on for the first time.
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AES
Auxiliary Emission Strategy (AES) means an emission strategy that becomes active and replaces or modifies the base emission strategy for a specific purpose or purposes and in response to a specific set of ambient and/or operating conditions.
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AHS
Advanced Headlamp System: Toyota Motor Corp. variant on adaptive driving beam (ADB) headlamps.
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APF
Abdominal Peak Force: criteria developed to assess injury risk to the intestines, liver and kidneys.
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APTS
Abdominal Pressure Twin Sensors: soft polyurethane bladders filled with fluid and equipped with pressure sensors used in test dummies (cf: child restraint systems)
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ATD
Anthropomorphic Test Device (i.e., biofidelic crash test dummies)
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ATS
After-treatment System (related to emissions control)
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AVAS
Presently unstable acronym related to minimum vehicle sound levels. Commonly rendered as Audible Vehicle Alerting Systems, Approaching Vehicle Audible Systems; occasionally Approaching Vehicle Audible Signals
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Belt anchorages
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The parts of the vehicle structure or the seat structure or any other part of the vehicle to which the safety-belt assemblies are to be secured. (UN R14)
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BES
Base Emission Strategy (BES) means an emission strategy that is active throughout the speed and load operating range of the engine unless an Auxiliary Emission Strategy (AES) is activated.
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CASPER
Child Advanced Safety Project for European Roads
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CATARC
China Automotive Technology and Research Center
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CD mode
Charge-depleting mode: An electrified vehicle operating mode in which the energy storage state-of-charge (SOC) fluctuates but, on average, decreases while the vehicle is driven.
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CEL
Complex electronic control systems, in reference to the safety annex in braking and steering regulations concerning the performance of such systems.
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CFC
Channel Frequency Class: a 4-pole phaseless Butterworth filter used primarily for crash testing and implemented in accordance with ISO 6487.
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continuous braking system
A type of braking system used in vehicle combinations where the energy used for braking the towing vehicle and its trailer is supplied from the same source.
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CoP
Conformity of Production (procedures to ensure that volume production corresponds to products tested for type approval and for continued compliance after type approval.)
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CPA
Ceramic Printed Area: term used by the Panoramic Sunroof Glazing informal group
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CPV
Composite Pressure Vessel: Storage vessels for gases, such as hydrogen, where the outer shell structure is made of composite materials (as opposed to metal).
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CRF
Child restraint fixture: a device used to test the placement and strength of child restraint system anchorages.
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CS mode
Charge-sustaining mode: An electrified vehicle operating mode in which the energy storage SOC fluctuates but, on average, is maintained at a stable level while the vehicle is driven.
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CUNA
Commissione Tecnica di Unificazione nell'Autoveicolo (Italian vehicle standards and harmonzation organization)
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CVS
Constant Volume Sampler: an apparatus to withdraw a defined and representative sample of exhaust gases produced by an engine in order to enable the measurement of the mass of emissions.
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DEF
Diesel exhaust fluid: a urea-based solution used by Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) devices to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines.
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Defeat Strategy
Defeat Strategy means an emission strategy that does not meet the performance requirements for a base emission strategy (BES) and/or auxiliary emission strategy (AES) as specified under a regulation.
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DEQ
Equivalent Deflection Criteria (relates to crash test performance of test dummies)
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DF
Deterioration Factors: factors applied to emission test data to approximate emissions at the end of the useful life of an engine.
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DOC
Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
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DPF
Diesel Particulate Filter
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DSSA
Data Storage System for ACSF: a device to record data regarding vehicle situation, driver behavior, and ACSF status in order to enable forensic confirmation of correct ACSF operation in the event of (and including lead up to) a collision.
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DUT
Device under test: abbreviation used in SAE and other technical standards
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EEVC
European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee; sometimes European Electric Vehicle Congress
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EGR
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
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Emission Strategy
Emission Strategy means an element or set of elements of design that is incorporated into the overall design of an engine system or vehicle and used in controlling emissions. An emission strategy consists of one base emission strategy (BES) and usually one or more auxiliary emission strategies (AES).
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EMRP
European Metrology Research Programme
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EMS
European Modular System (EMS) is a concept of allowing combinations of existing loading units (modules) into longer and possibly heavier vehicle combinations (e.g., semi-trucks pulling multiple trailers) to be used on some parts of the road network.
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EPOCh
Enabling Protection for Older Children: 2009-11 EU program to improve child restraint systems pursuant to EU directive requiring CRS use for children less than 150 cm tall.
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EPPR
Environmental and Propulsion Performance Requirements
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ESA
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"Electrical/electronic sub-assembly" (ESA) means an electrical and/or electronic device or set(s) of devices intended to be part of a vehicle, together with any associated electrical connections and wiring, which performs one or more specialized functions. An ESA may be approved at the request of a manufacturer or his authorized representative as either a "component" or a "separate technical unit (STU)".
(UN R10)
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ETC
European Test Cycle (relates to emissions and fuel-efficiency test procedures)
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EVADER
Electric Vehicle Alert for Detection and Emergency Response (European tertiary safety program)
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FAC
Femur Acceptability Criterion
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FCHV
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FCI
Functional Capacity Index: a method to quantify a person's physical capabilities 12 months after sustaining an injury where 100 = full use of all capabilities.
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FDIS
Final Draft International Standard: stage in the promulgation of an ISO standard.
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FlexPLI
Flexible Pedestrian Lower Legform Impactor
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FMVSS
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
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FWDB
Full width deformable barrier (as used in reference to vehicle crash testing)
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FWRB
Full width rigid barrier (as used in reference to vehicle crash testing)
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GIDAS
German In-Depth Accident Study: an ongoing project between BASt, the University of Hannover, and the Automotive Research Association (FAT). See http://www.gidas.org.
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GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite System: any satellite navigation system with global coverage, such as NAVSTAR GPS (US), GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (EU by 2020) or Beidou (China by 2020).
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GR
from the French "Groupe de Rapporteurs"; signifies any of the permanent working parties subsidiary to WP.29 (e.g. on noise, lighting, pollution and energy, passive safety, etc.)
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GRB
Working Party on Noise (cf French: Groupe de Rapporteurs sur le Bruit)
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GRE
Working Party on Lighting and Light-signalling Equipment (cf French: Groupe de Rapporteurs sur l'Eclairage)
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GRPE
Working Party on Pollution and Energy (cf French: Groupe de Rapporteurs sur la Pollution et l'Energie)
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GRRF
Working Party on Brakes and Running Gear (cf French: Groupe de Rapporteurs sur le Roulement et le Freinage)
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GRSG
Working Party on General Safety (cf French: Groupe de Rapporteurs sur la Sécurité Générale)
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GRSP
Working Party on Passive Safety (cf French: Groupe de Rapporteurs sur la Sécurité Passive)
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GSA
Europe: European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency; USA: General Services Administration
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GSMA
GSM Association, international association of mobile telecommunications system operators
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GTR
Global Technical Regulation
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H point
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The theoretical, relative location of an occupant's hip (hence H point), specifically the pivot point between the torso and upper leg portions of the body.
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The pivot center of the torso and the thigh of a 3-D H machine installed in a vehicle seat. The H point is located in the center of the center-line which is between the H point sight buttons on either side of the 3-D H machine. The H point corresponds theoretically to the R point. Once determined, the H point is considered fixed in relation to the seat cushion structure (i.e., to move with the seat when adjusted). (UN R33)
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HARA
Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment
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HDH
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HEV
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HIC
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HMI
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IIWPG
International Insurance Whiplash Prevention Group
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ISC
Internal Short Circuit: acronym used in the context of electric vehicle safety discussion, especially thermal propagation and fire risks; In-service conformity: refers to in-use testing, for example, as in vehicle emissions testing using PEMS.
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L-IWVTA
Limited International Whole Vehicle Type Approval: Type approval to a lower level of stringency (to earlier versions of regulations and/or no type approvals)
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LHSS
Liquefied hydrogen storage system: liquefied hydrogen storage container(s), pressure relief device(s), shut-off device(s), boil-off system and any piping and fittings between these components.
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LNC
Lean NOx Catalyst: Catalysts selectively promoting the reduction of NOx by hydrocarbon combustion gases.
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MI
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MPR
Minimum Performance Requirement, especially used in EV battery durability regulations.
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MRM
Minimal Risk Maneuver: under automated driving functions, an automated system response to ensure vehicle safety in the absence of a driver response to a demand to assume control of the vehicle.
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MSA
Market Surveillance Authority: term for in-use compliance and enforcement authority (as opposed to type approval authority focus on certification prior to market entry).
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NASVA
National Agency for Automotive Safety & Victim's Aid (Japan)
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NOVC
Not-off-vehicle charging: a system to recharge a hybrid vehicle's electrochemical energy storage system with electricity from an interal vehicle source.
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NPACS
New Program for the Assessment of Child-restraint Systems
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NTCAS
National Technical Committee for Automotive Standardization: department within the China Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC)
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OATS
Open Area Test Site: refers to testing location for radiated emissions assessments (e.g., electromagnetic waves)
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OEDR
object and event detection and response: term used under SAE J3016 with regard to automated driving systems.
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OICA
International Organization of Vehicle Manufacturers (cf, French Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles)
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ORB
(Rigid) Override Barrier (as used in vehicle compatibility crash testing)
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OUL
Outside of Useful Life: reference to US EPA regulatory definitions of engine "useful life" during which period an engine must meet emissions performance requirements.
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Outboard
With reference to seating, this term means a position adjacent to a door of the vehicle.
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OVC
Off-vehicle charging: a system to recharge a hybrid vehicle's electrochemical energy storage system with electricity from an external source (such as the electric utility grid).
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PADI
Procedures for Assembly, Disassembly, and Inspection
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PBC
Peak braking coefficient: the measure of tire to road surface friction based on the maximum deceleration of a rolling tire.
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PDI-2
The Pedestrian Detection Impactor 2 was developed jointly by the Altran Concept Tech GmbH and ACEA to test sensor systems for active pedestrian protection systems (e.g. active engine bonnets).
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PEAS
Primary Energy Absorbing Structures (in reference to vehicle crash testing)
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PEMS
Portable Emissions Measurement System
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PEV
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PLSDF
Point light source detection factor as it pertains to the representation of headlamps and other light sources in camera-monitor systems (UN R46)
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PMHS
Post-Mortem Human Subject
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PMI
With regard to injury criteria, permanent medical impairment.
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PRD
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PSAP
Public Safety Answering Point (sometimes, public safety access point) used in emergency call services.
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PSPF
Pubic Symphysis Peak Force: maximum force measured by a load cell at the pubic symphysis of the pelvis
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R point
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A design point defined by the vehicle manufacturer for each seating position and established with respect to the three-dimensional reference system. (UN R33)
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R&R
With regard to test procedures, repeatability and reproducibility (i.e., the degree to which a procedure produces consistent results over multiple iterations).
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RCB
REESS Charge Balance: the charge balance of the rechargeable energy storage system of an electrified vehicle (proposed for measurement in Ah under GTR No. 15).
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Rcda
Actual charge-depleting range (of an electric vehicle) represents the distance driven under charge-depleting conditions until the electric storage is empty.
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RDC
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REC
Retrofit Emissions Control (relates to regulation of retrofit emissions control devices)
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REESS
Rechargeable Electrical Energy Storage System: term to cover Li-ion batteries and any other devices for the storage of energy to power electrified vehicles.
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RFT
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RFWS
Run-Flat Warning System (in relation to tires)
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RLD
Road Load Determination: adjustment made to a chassis dynamometer to simulate on-road experience.
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RMSSE
root mean squared speed error: A measure of the difference between values predicted by a model and the values actually observed, discussed under WLTP emissions procedure validation testing.
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RSS
Responsibility-Sensitive Safety: A mathematical model developed by Mobileye to enable automated driving systems to mimic human driver judgment in navigating road interactions. See https://www.mobileye.com/responsibility-sensitive-safety/
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RVCR
Regulation of Vehicle Construction Requirements: a European Union framework regulation for motor vehicles
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RVFSR
Regulation on vehicle functional safety requirements
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Sailing
Sailing involves the decoupling of the engine from the drive shaft, enabling hybrid vehicles to cruise (or "sail") on battery power alone until such time as the engine needs to be restarted to generate electricity and/or resume the torque functions.
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SCR
Selective Catalytic Reduction: active emissions control technology system used in diesel engines.
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SDWEE
Service doors, windows, and emergency exits (in relation to buses and motor coaches)
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SEAS
Secondary Energy Absorbing Structures (in reference to vehicle crash testing)
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semi-continuous braking system
A type of braking system used in vehicle combinations where the energy used for braking the towing vehicle and its trailer is supplied from two different sources.
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SET
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SOC
State of Charge (related to electric vehicle testing and specifically battery charge levels)
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SSRT
Slow-strain-rate tensile properties; used with regard to hydrogen safety. The effects of external and internal hydrogen have been known to significantly reduce metals ductility resulting in cracks and brittleness.
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TAAM
Type Approval Authorities Meeting
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TEMA
Transport tEchnology and Mobility Assessment Platform: Big data platform, based on GPS mobility data and interfaced with GIS-based digital geographic mapping systems, to provide driving behaviour information to support assessments of real-world vehicle emissions and fuel/energy consumption.
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ThAC
Thorax Acceptability Criterion
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THUMS
Total Human Model for Safety: Toyota-developed highly detailed digital representations of human bodies for use in crash test simulations
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TPM
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TPMS
Tire-Pressure Monitoring System
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TPRD
Thermally activated pressure relief device
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U-IWVTA
Universal International Whole Vehicle Type Approval: Type approval pursuant to the highest level of stringency of the latest version of the UN Regulations listed in UN R0.
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UBE
Usable battery energy (difference between a fully depleted battery and its fully charged state)
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UNECE
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
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VC
Viscous Criterion (velocity of compression); AKA soft tissue criterion; an injury criterion for the chest area.
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WAD
Whiplash Associated Disorders: an injury severity scale developed in Canada in 1991 and now used worldwide to assess whiplash injuries.
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WHTC
Worldwide Harmonized Transient Cycle: test cycle for the certification of heavy-duty vehicle engines under GTR No. 4
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WHVC
Worldwide Harmonized Vehicle Cycle: heavy-duty vehicle test cycle as developed under GTR No. 4
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WLTC
Worldwide harmonized Light duty driving Test Cycle (emissions and fuel consumption test procedures)
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WTVC
Worldwide Transient Vehicle Cycle: WTVC test cycle is derived from real-world driving of vehicles in Europe, Japan and in the US and it covers several di fferent powertrains from 3.5 tonnes up to 40 tonnes.
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