Agenda for the 23rd session of the CLIV IWG scheduled for 26 November 2026, held online and hosted by Australia. The agenda includes opening remarks from the chair, introduction of new members, adoption of the agenda, GRBP interactions with bus UN Regulation, a status report from GRSP for December 2026, a proposed calendar for 2027, a face-to-face meeting scheduled for 2027 in China, reflections on 2026 work and targets for 2027, and any other business.

Discussion of the 00 series of UN Regulation on Child Presence Detection Systems for passenger cars, focusing on development of Door Logic Plus concept. Door Logic Plus is defined as a system that improves performance by adding sensors to base door logic, reducing false detections and detection accuracy. The document presents comparative analysis of direct sensing and indirect sensing approaches, including pure door logic with external warning, door logic plus with buckle switch, and door logic plus with occupancy sensor. Additional time needed to develop Door Logic Plus concept and prepare proposal for documentary assessment procedure; proposes different test procedures for direct and indirect sensing systems.

Call for papers for the 24th Langwieder Conference on Protection of Children in Cars, to be held June 2–4, 2027 in Munich, Germany. The conference will address key trends in child restraint system safety regulations, standards, research findings, and safety innovations. Topics include new mobility and future transport challenges, consumer information and rating systems, standards and rulemaking, field observations, accident research and biomechanics, test procedures and dummies, human body modeling, global CRS markets, and evaluation of safety features. Abstracts are due October 26, 2026. A newcomer program supports early career professionals with free conference attendance.

Proposal to define CLIV System as the ability to derive the potential presence of a subject or object inside the car based on logic using sensing information such as pressure or capacitive sensing. CLIV System encompasses indirect sensing methods using door logic alone or door logic combined with additional sensors, indirect sensing without door logic using pressure, capacitive, temperature, motion sensors or CO₂ concentration sensor, and direct sensing using camera, millimeter wave radar, UWB radar, or WiFi sensing to detect the absolute presence of a human inside the vehicle.

Proposal to establish a new UN Regulation to help prevent children being left unattended in M2 and M3, class B and III vehicles designed specifically for the carriage of children. The regulation covers vehicles intended for child carriage and establishes minimum requirements for vehicle-based warning systems. These systems remind drivers or responsible persons to physically inspect the passenger compartment before leaving the vehicle. External visual warnings use direction indicator lamps; audible warnings use type-approved horns or reverse alarm devices, or must pass specified test procedures.

Input for agenda item 6 concerning definition and discussion on indirect plus and direct systems for CLIV-22. All references to indirect plus or direct sensing systems have been replaced by a CLIV warning system. Definitions for indirect plus or direct sensing would no longer be needed. A proposed CLIV warning system definition is presented for review, with a CLEPA proposal to modify the definition to include assessing if a child is left in a vehicle and triggering warning signals.

Agenda for the 22nd session of the CLIV IWG, scheduled for 22 October 2026. The session will address opening remarks, introduction of new members, adoption of the agenda, recap of the France 21st meeting session, discussion on the 00 series for a door logic regulation, definition and discussion on indirect plus and direct systems and their effectiveness, justification and explanation for the GRSP formal document UN Regulation, and any other business.

UN IWG CLIV workshop briefing on ISO/WD 26315 status. The working draft specifies child presence detection surrogates with geometric, optical, near-infrared, radar-related and physiological properties representing newborn to 6-year-old children. Core clauses and three normative annexes address surrogate classes, dimensional tables, visual and near-infrared recognition properties, and radar-specific recognition properties. Open technical decisions include radar bands by region, respiration data by surrogate class, motion requirements as mandatory versus optional, optical and near-infrared clothing details, validation methods and measurement procedures, and dimensional alignment with Euro NCAP standards.

Proposal to establish requirements for in-direct plus or direct sensing systems to detect children left unattended in M1 and N1 vehicles under 3,500 kg. Systems shall detect Child Occupants Left Inside (CLIV) events for rear seating positions accommodating child restraint systems and issue audible or audible and visual warnings at least 60 dB(A) within 15–30 seconds of locking all doors, lasting at least 10 seconds and repeating every 90 seconds for at least 20 minutes unless cancelled. The default system setting shall be ON, with deactivation available temporarily for single journeys or long-term for maximum 30 days. Testing shall use CLIV surrogates aged 0, 3, and 6 years per ISO 26315, covering multiple test scenarios including warning delay, cancellation, and temporary deactivation.

The CLIV IWG 20th session reviewed its draft proposal for a bus and coach UN Regulation submitted to GRSP in December 2026, retaining operational isolation terminology with editorial corrections, defining scope as M2 and M3 class B and III vehicles designed for carrying children, and adopting a journey definition covering engine or motor operation until 15 minutes after the vehicle master control switch is turned off. The IWG adopted a 1.5 ± 0.5 Hz repetition rate for warning signals and deferred light-vehicle UN Regulation drafting to a September face-to-face meeting in Paris.

The 21st IWG CLIV Session agenda for 8–11 September 2026 at UTAC Autodrome de Linas-Montlhry, France, focuses four meeting days on light vehicles. Drafting work with demonstrations occurs throughout the week. Day 1 includes introduction, official welcome, agenda adoption, progress summary, group photo, drafting regulatory text for LVs, research presentation on hot cars, and vehicle demonstration. Days 2–4 comprise drafting sessions for UNR for LVs, presentations including ISO WG on surrogate progression and vehicle demonstration, with closing remarks each day. The meeting ends 17:00 on Friday 11 September 2026.

As of 2025, Euro NCAP only rewards direct sensing systems. Of 113 vehicles rated under the 2025 protocol, 69 were battery electric vehicles. Direct sensing systems increased from 12% in 2024 to 31% in 2025, while indirect systems decreased from 46% to 27%. Overall, 36% of tested vehicles in popular categories were equipped with direct sensing, except superminis. All direct sensing systems cover rear seats; 40% also cover front passenger seats. Of vehicles tested, 60% provide intervention alongside initial and escalation warnings. All vehicles with direct sensing systems are equipped with a battery for propulsion. (PDF version of CLIV-21-08)

As of 2025, Euro NCAP only rewards direct sensing systems. Of 113 vehicles rated under the 2025 protocol, 69 were battery electric vehicles. Direct sensing systems increased from 12% in 2024 to 31% in 2025, while indirect systems decreased from 46% to 27%. Overall, 36% of tested vehicles in popular categories were equipped with direct sensing, except superminis. All direct sensing systems cover rear seats; 40% also cover front passenger seats. Of vehicles tested, 60% provide intervention alongside initial and escalation warnings. All vehicles with direct sensing systems are equipped with a battery for propulsion. (PowerPoint version of CLIV-21-07)

Pediatric vehicular heatstroke occurs when body temperature exceeds 104°F, with children’s body temperatures rising three to five times faster than adults’. An average of 37 pediatric vehicular heatstroke fatalities occur yearly from 1998–2024, primarily from children being forgotten in vehicles. NHTSA has tested retrofit, aftermarket, and vehicle manufacturer unattended child reminder systems using direct and indirect sensing approaches. Testing revealed Bluetooth-connected devices alert at varying distances depending on signal strength, capacitive and pressure devices face false trigger risks, and direct sensing radar systems show inconsistent detection across vehicles and seating positions. NHTSA plans to publish an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comments on amending Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards to require rear seat occupant detection systems.

From 1998 to 2025, 1,041 pediatric vehicular heatstroke fatalities occurred, with an average of 37 fatalities yearly. NHTSA assessed direct sensing radar systems in Genesis GV70, Toyota Sienna, and other vehicles, finding detection rates varied between vehicles and seating locations. Testing used Child Presence Detection dummies simulating newborn infants. NHTSA also evaluated aftermarket systems including retrofit devices like Ride & Remind and non-retrofit devices like SensorSafe, finding widely varying detection and alerting features. NHTSA continues investigating performance of strategies to reduce pediatric vehicular heatstroke risk and developing test procedures and performance criteria for evolving technologies.

CLEPA supports the general approach in the current draft UN R for children left in vehicles regulation. Systems shall detect presence of children through a technology neutral approach based on performance requirements. Door-logic based systems have known weaknesses and are insufficient as standalone solutions. Systems shall appropriately address situations where children are unknowingly or knowingly left in vehicles, with suitable test cases covering real-life relevant situations and child restraint system installations. CLEPA proposes replacing references to in-direct plus or direct sensing systems with sensing system throughout the regulation.

The IWG is discussing the time interval from door lock to initial warning, with options of 15, 25, or 30 seconds as specified in para. 6.4.1. Investigation of door vibration effects during closing at three speeds (strong 3 m/s, medium 2 m/s, weak 1.2 m/s) on a medium SUV showed door vibration diminishes around 10 seconds. The system requires at least 3 times respiration cycles for accurate child detection judgment to reduce false-positive warnings in the field. A 25 seconds delay is recommended to allow appropriate time for accurate detection while accounting for vehicle vibration disturbance.

In-direct plus is a sensing system that, in addition to its indirect sensing functionality, has the ability to detect the presence of a live person inside the vehicle by means of sensing human attributes such as movement, temperature, sound, weight or any other sign of life. Direct sensing system detects the absolute presence of a human inside the vehicle by means of tracking heartbeat, respiration, movement, or any other sign of life. Indirect sensing system derives the potential presence of a subject or object inside the car based on logic using information such as door opening, pressure or capacitive sensing.

Analysis examined 14 cases in Japan where child fatalities occurred after children were left unattended in passenger vehicles of category M₁ and N₁ between January 1984 and April 2025. Indirect sensing could potentially have generated an alert in 13 cases, while direct sensing could potentially have generated an alert in 5 cases. Based on these findings, retaining indirect sensing as an option for UNR is proposed.

Work-in-progress draft regulation to address the safety of children left in light vehicles, with changes to amend definitions of ‘Child’ or ‘Children’ to refer to individuals generally considered to be between 0 and 6 years old, replace “frequency” with “repetition rate” in warning requirements, and clarify system deactivation, warning delay, and internal visible warning procedures. The proposed regulation would cover vehicles of categories M₁ and N₁ with mass not exceeding 3,500 kg equipped with indirect sensing or direct sensing systems to detect children left unattended in vehicles.