VCTF-13-04/Rev.1
Vehicle communications: Activities on VRU applications
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China’s activities on vulnerable road user (VRU) applications include four protection scenarios: roadside infrastructure detection via direct communication; vehicle-based detection via sensor sharing; VRU-equipped V2X device direct communication; and cellular communication via cloud server. China developed national standards GB/T 44286.1-2024 and GB/T 44286.2-2024 specifying collision warning scenarios, and ITU SG21 requirements for VRU service using vehicle gateway. Demonstrations tested pedestrian and electric bicycle protection across Shanghai, Deqing, and Beijing. Key implementation challenges include sensor perception accuracy, direct communication device installation barriers and low penetration, and cloud construction responsibility allocation for cellular communication solutions.
Guóbiāo (国标) — literally “national standard” in Chinese (国 = national, 标 = standard). GB is a mandatory national standard (强制性国家标准); GB/T is a recommended voluntary national standard (推荐性国家标准), where T stands for tuījiàn (推荐 = recommended); and GB/Z is non-binding guiding technical document (指导性技术文件), where Z stands for zhǐdǎo (指导 = guiding).
Vulnerable Road User: A person using the road who lacks the protection of an outer vehicle shell or equivalent restraint system, and who is therefore at disproportionate risk of serious injury or death in a collision involving motorized traffic.