This in-depth report examines inland transport’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions globally and regionally, analyzing past trends, future projections, and decarbonization pathways. Global fossil CO₂ emissions reached 38.1 gigatonnes in 2022, with transport accounting for 20.7 percent. Inland transport represented 80-81 percent of total transport emissions from 2010-2021. Between 2010 and 2019, transport emissions increased 18 percent. Under business-as-usual scenarios, transport CO₂ emissions could grow 16-50 percent by 2050, creating a 5.8 gigatonne emissions gap versus IPCC 1.5°C targets. Achieving 1.5°C pathways requires 59-90 percent transport emission reductions by 2050. The report identifies regional disparities, with North America’s per capita emissions exceeding 5 tonnes versus 0.27 tonnes in Africa. International initiatives launched at COP26 and COP27 include zero-emission vehicle commitments and the Low Carbon Transport for Urban Sustainability initiative. Decarbonization requires integrated Avoid-Shift-Improve strategies, with Avoid and Shift measures potentially accounting for 40-60 percent of emission reductions.