Research paper concerning the life-cycle CO2 emissions per mile traveled for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) across the United States. The authors found large variations in the estimates across regions, charging schemes (for example, higher use of coal to generate power during overnight charging), and vehicle models (including differing relative results between models under different regional charging scenarios).

Updated information document from the Method of Stating Energy Consumption subgroup.